Patterns of endemism along an elevation gradient in Sierra Nevada (Spain) and Lefka Ori (Crete, Greece)

Fernández-Calzado, R.; Ghosn, Dany; Gottfried, Michael D.; Kazakis, George; Mesa, Joaquı́n Molero; Pauli, Harald; Merzouki, Abderrahmane

doi:10.3989/pirineos.2013.168001

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In our case, this relationship is only significant for the endemic element, where high species richness is a result of allopatric speciation after immigration, and suggests that the general patterns can change according to different evolutionary histories. Our results agree with those of other studies (Moreno Sainz and Sainz Ollero 1992;Fernández-Calzado et al 2013;Cañadas et al 2014) and indicate that the areas with the highest elevation, but especially the most isolated areas, have a greater richness of endemic species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Eco-geographical factors affecting richness and phylogenetic diversity patterns of high-mountain flora in the Iberian Peninsula

et al. 2015

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Many studies have highlighted the importance of mountain ecosystems as hotspots of biodiversity and endemism. In this study, we used biogeographic partitioning to explore the diversity patterns of high-mountain flora in south-western Europe by analysing the richness of the main floristic elements in relation to geographical and ecological factors (climate, isolation, elevation, etc.). Taxa that inhabit above 1600 m a.s.l. in the Iberian Peninsula were selected using bibliographic sources. Hierarchical agglomerative clustering and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) were used to explore the patterns of taxonomic diversity across the main biogeographic elements. Six environmental variables were calculated to account for inter-range variation in species richness and biogeographic elements. The results showed that at a broad scale, the main floristic elements correlated with specific eco-geographical factors. The Arctic-Boreal element was strongly, negatively correlated with summer drought and showed a higher taxonomic distinctness than expected. The Iberian endemic element was related to isolation and maximum elevation and although it was the richest element, it demonstrated a relatively low taxonomic diversity, in particular in the Baetic Range. Biogeographic origin is an important driver of the diversity patterns of high-mountain flora. In the Iberian Peninsula, these patterns show a North-South gradient, which reflects historical processes of migration and speciation that were constrained by climatic fluctuations during the Ice Ages. Although species richness is the usual biodiversity measure considered in conservation strategies, the use of taxonomically related indices helps to understand better the general diversity patterns and to better document strategies of biodiversity conservation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Eco-geographical factors affecting richness and phylogenetic diversity patterns of high-mountain flora in the Iberian Peninsula

et al. 2015

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“…This could be related to findings obtained by comparing island and mainland mountain systems in the Mediterranean Basin e.g. [ 11 , 14 , 59 , 60 ], which showed, in some cases, a weaker endemic species richness-elevation relationship for islands. Indeed, the same isolation that can facilitate the speciation of EVP, especially of exclusive EVP [ 11 ], may, at the same time, limit the ingression and speciation of EVP related to the alternation of glacial and interglacial phases [ 17 , 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Disentangling the influence of environmental and anthropogenic factors on the distribution of endemic vascular plants in Sardinia

et al. 2017

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Due to the impelling urgency of plant conservation and the increasing availability of high resolution spatially interpolated (e.g. climate variables) and categorical data (e.g. land cover and vegetation type), many recent studies have examined relationships among plant species distributions and a diversified set of explanatory factors; nevertheless, global and regional patterns of endemic plant richness remain in many cases unexplained. One such pattern is the 294 endemic vascular plant taxa recorded on a 1 km resolution grid on the environmentally heterogeneous island of Sardinia. Sixteen predictors, including topographic, geological, climatic and anthropogenic factors, were used to model local (number of taxa inside each 1 km grid cell) Endemic Vascular Plant Richness (EVPR). Generalized Linear Models were used to evaluate how each factor affected the distribution of local EVPR. Significant relationships with local EVPR and topographic, geological, climatic and anthropogenic factors were found. In particular, elevation explained the larger fraction of variation in endemic richness but other environmental factors (e.g. precipitation seasonality and slope) and human-related factors (e.g. the Human Influence Index (HII) and the proportion of anthropogenic land uses) were, respectively, positively and negatively correlated with local EVPR. Regional EVPR (number of endemic taxa inside each 100 m elevation interval) was also measured to compare local and regional EVPR patterns along the elevation gradient. In contrast to local, regional EVPR tended to decrease with altitude partly due to the decreasing area covered along altitude. The contrasting results between local and regional patterns suggest that local richness increases as a result of increased interspecific aggregation along altitude, whereas regional richness may depend on the interaction between area and altitude. This suggests that the shape and magnitude of the species-area relationship might vary with elevation. This work provides—for the first time in Sardinia—a comprehensive analysis of the influence of environmental factors on the pattern of EVPR in the entire territory, from sea level to the highest peaks. Elevation, as well as other environmental and human-related variables, were confirmed to be influencing factors. In addition, variations of EVPR patterns at regional-to-local spatial scales inspire next investigations on the possible interaction between elevation and area in explaining patterns of plant species richness.

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“…On the data set gathered in this research and from prior sporadic research (see Ventura (2013) and above references), Sierra Nevada is possibly one of the richest regions of Europe for endemicity of aquatic dance flies. Numerous endemic species of vascular flora (Fernández-Calzado et al 2013), terrestrial invertebrates (González-Megías et al 2008;López-Villalta 2011), stoneflies (Tierno de Figueroa et al 2013), and caddisflies (Sáinz-Bariain et al 2013) are also known from this mountain range. The endemism of the Sierra Nevada is likely due to many factors, including its range in altitude and its position in the Mediterranean area, isolated from other high mountain ranges creating barriers to species dispersal and promoting allopatric speciation (Schmitt 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<strong>Aquatic Empididae (Diptera: Hemerodromiinae and Clinocerinae) of the Sierra Nevada, Spain, with the description of five new species </strong>

Ivković¹,

Zamora‐Muñoz²,

Sáinz‐Bariáin³

et al. 2014

Zootaxa

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In total 24 species of aquatic Empididae (Clinocerinae and Hemerodromiinae) are known from the Sierra Nevada Mountains of Spain, including five new species (Hemerodromia planti Ivković & Sinclair sp. nov., Kowarzia nevadensis Sinclair & Ivković sp. nov., Wiedemannia darioi Sinclair & Ivković sp. nov., W. horvati Ivković & Sinclair sp. nov. and W. vedranae Ivković & Sinclair sp. nov.). The new species are described, illustrated and distribution of all species listed. Wiedemannia (Philolutra) angelieri Vaillant and W. (Roederella) ouedorum Vaillant are newly recorded in Sierra Nevada and nine species are endemic to this region. A key to all 24 species of aquatic empidids is presented.

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Patterns of endemism along an elevation gradient in Sierra Nevada (Spain) and Lefka Ori (Crete, Greece)

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Eco-geographical factors affecting richness and phylogenetic diversity patterns of high-mountain flora in the Iberian Peninsula

Eco-geographical factors affecting richness and phylogenetic diversity patterns of high-mountain flora in the Iberian Peninsula

Disentangling the influence of environmental and anthropogenic factors on the distribution of endemic vascular plants in Sardinia

<strong>Aquatic Empididae (Diptera: Hemerodromiinae and Clinocerinae) of the Sierra Nevada, Spain, with the description of five new species </strong>

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