Patterns of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Multiple Infection and Genome Divergence in a Free-Ranging Population of African Lions

Troyer, Jennifer L.; Pecon-Slattery, Jill; Roelke, Melody E.; Black, Lori; Packer, Craig; O’Brien, Stephen J.

doi:10.1128/jvi.78.7.3777-3791.2004

Cited by 54 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…A nested conventional PCR was performed on the purified DNA by using a protocol developed by Troyer et al, 37,38 for FIVple and optimized by Dr. H. Adams for use in testing southern African lions. Primers were derived from GenBank published sequence information for FIV (M25381 and U11820), FIVpco (U03982), and FIVoma (Otocolobus manul lentivirus; U56928).…”

Section: Nested Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primers were derived from GenBank published sequence information for FIV (M25381 and U11820), FIVpco (U03982), and FIVoma (Otocolobus manul lentivirus; U56928). 37 Degenerate primers were developed ( Fig. 1) to detect viral DNA from the reverse transcription region of the Pol gene (RT-Pol) of the lentivirus genome, which resulted in a nested 576 base-pair product (including nested primers).…”

Section: Nested Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity and Specificity of a Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Lentivirus Infection in Lions (Panthera leo)

Adams¹,

Vuuren²,

Kania³

et al. 2010

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus in the Retroviridae family that causes lifelong infection in domestic cats. The lentivirus of African lions (Panthera leo), referred to as FIVple, is endemic in certain lion populations in eastern and southern Africa. Lentivirus infection leads to immunologic dysfunction and immunosuppressive disease in domestic cats; however, little is known about the pathogenic effects of infection in lions, nor about the epidemiologic impact on free-ranging and captive populations. Whole blood and serum samples were collected opportunistically from free-ranging lions in Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa (RSA). Whole blood and serum samples were also collected from captive wild lions in the RSA. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for detection of FIV was performed on all whole blood samples. In addition, serum samples were tested for cross-reactive antibodies to domestic feline lentivirus antigens and puma lentivirus synthetic envelope peptide antigen. The PCR assay successfully amplified the lion lentivirus from African lions. The relative sensitivity and relative specificity were 79% and 100%, respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 67%, respectively. This research represents the first study to compare genetic material with antibody-based methods of lentivirus detection on lions in RSA. Using PCR as an additional diagnostic test for FIV in lions will increase screening sensitivity and will allow viral characterization among circulating isolates and monitoring of changes in the viral epidemiology within geographic regions and populations over time.

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Section: Nested Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nested Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity and Specificity of a Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Lentivirus Infection in Lions (Panthera leo)

Adams¹,

Vuuren²,

Kania³

et al. 2010

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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“…The identity of the DNA products was confirmed by sequencing and comparison to other published FIV sequences. Previous studies have shown that lions in the Serengeti plains of eastern Africa have multiple subtypes circulating among their population, and some individual animals were infected with multiple subtypes (Troyer et al 2004). The lions of KNP may also be infected with multiple subtypes of FIVple, some of which could not be detected with the PCR primers used in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Nested conventional PCR was performed on the purified DNA, using a protocol developed by Troyer et al for FIVple and optimized for use in testing southern African lions (Troyer et al, 2004;. Primers were derived from GenBank published sequence information for FIVfca (M25381 and U11820), puma (Felis concolor) lentivirus (FIVpco) (U03982), and Pallas cat (Felis manul ) lentivirus (FIVoma; U56928) by Troyer et al (2004). The degenerate primers were developed to detect viral DNA from the RT-Pol (or reverse transcription region of Pol) region of the lentivirus genome ( Fig.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Genetic Analysis of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIVple) in Southern African Lions (Panthera leo)

Adams

Vuuren

Bosman

et al. 2011

South African Journal of Wildlife Research

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Feline immunodeficiency virus is a retrovirus of domestic cats that causes immunosuppressive disease and lifelong infection. Lentivirus has also been detected in African lions (Panthera leo). The lentivirus infecting lions in southern Africa has never been isolated; thus, knowledge about its molecular characteristics in these populations is limited. Our investigation used whole blood samples collected opportunistically from free-ranging southern African lions in Kruger National Park, South Africa, and from Hlane Royal National Park in Swaziland to analyse the lentivirus. Whole blood samples from captive exotic felids from zoos in South Africa and the United States, and from domestic cats in South Africa were analysed for comparison. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to amplify a portion of the proviral DNA encoding the reverse transcriptase. The nucleotide sequence of all products was determined and examined. The PCR assay was successful in amplifying lion lentivirus, with 52 positive and 65 negative samples. Of the 34 sequences amplified from a variety of felids, six showed an average of 96% homology to domestic feline lentivirus, and 28 showed an average of 94% homology to lion lentivirus. In addition, domestic cat lentivirus nucleic acid was amplified from a captive tiger, demonstrating the possibility of cross-species transmission.

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“…This is consistent with a recent study showing that only two goats from a commercial flock of about 300 goats that were seropositive for SRLV reacted strongly to both group A-and group Bspecific antigens, one of them being infected with a recombinant virus carrying a mosaic A/B env sequence (Pisoni et al, 2007). The situation is quite different for other lentiviruses, particularly human and feline immunodeficiency viruses, for which dual infections and recombinant forms have been detected at an appreciable frequency (Bachmann et al, 1997;Quinones-Mateu & Arts, 1999;Robertson et al, 1995;Troyer et al, 2004). However, the frequency of dual infection in sheep and goats may be underestimated, as the viral load in peripheral blood is usually low and is subjected to temporal fluctuations (Klevjer-Anderson et al, 1984), limiting the simultaneous detection of divergent SRLV strains by PCR from blood samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field evaluation of a gag/env heteroduplex mobility assay for genetic subtyping of small-ruminant lentiviruses

Germain

Croisé

Valas

2008

Journal of General Virology

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Small-ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) display a high genetic diversity and are currently classified into five genotypes and an increasing number of subtypes. The co-circulation of subtypes in restricted geographical regions, combined with the occurrence of cross-species infection, suggests the need for development of a large-scale screening methodology for rapid monitoring of the prevalence of the various genetic subtypes and their genetic evolution. Here, a heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) was developed for the rapid identification of group B subtypes. The assay was validated for both the p14 nucleocapsid-coding region of the gag gene and the V1-V2 region of the env gene using a panel of reference standards and was applied to the genetic subtyping of SRLV field isolates from five mixed flocks in France. Subtyping of 75 blood samples using the env HMA revealed a preferential distribution of subtypes B1 and B2 in sheep and goats, despite direct evidence for interspecies transmission of both subtypes. Adding the gag HMA to the env HMA provided evidence for dual infection and putative recombination between subtypes B1 and B2 in five goats, and between groups A and B in one sheep. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 100 % (23/23) and 96.7 % (30/31) of samples were correctly classified using the gag and env HMAs, respectively. These results indicate that dual infection and recombination may be a significant source of new variation in SRLV and provide a useful tool for the rapid genetic subtyping of SRLV isolates, which could be relevant for the development of more accurate diagnosis of prevalent SRLV strains in different countries.

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Patterns of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Multiple Infection and Genome Divergence in a Free-Ranging Population of African Lions

Cited by 54 publications

References 53 publications

Sensitivity and Specificity of a Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Lentivirus Infection in Lions (Panthera leo)

Sensitivity and Specificity of a Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Lentivirus Infection in Lions (Panthera leo)

Detection and Genetic Analysis of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIVple) in Southern African Lions (Panthera leo)

Field evaluation of a gag/env heteroduplex mobility assay for genetic subtyping of small-ruminant lentiviruses

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