Patterns of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Distribution in Africa

Casey, Miriam B.; Lembo, Tiziana; Knowles, Nick J.; Fyumagwa, Robert D.; Kivaria, Fredrick; Maliti, Hanori; Kasanga, Christopher J.; Sallu, Raphael; Reeve, Richard; Parida, Satya; King, Donald P.; Cleaveland, Sarah

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-405191-1.00002-8

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Overall, we observed similar evolutionary patterns for both FMDV serotypes A and O. Our findings suggest that those serotypes have appeared in Eastern Africa around 1930, which is consistent with previous findings (Casey et al, 2014;Lycett et al, 2019). Our results pointed to the possible role of Kenya as a viral distribution source for East African countries and the role of Sudan as a link between East Africa and North-East Africa.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…It is, indeed, acknowledged that livestock trades play an important role in FMDV circulation in sub-Saharan Africa, with Sudan acting as an intermediate (Di Nardo et al, 2011). Additionally, the existence of a relatively recent common ancestor for the FMDV serotypes A and O is further support for the idea that these serotypes were imported into Africa at the start of the twentieth century through livestock trade from Asia and Europe (Casey et al, 2014). The SAT1 and SAT2 serotype analysis shows the signs of the impact that the African rinderpest epidemics [that occurred in the 1890s (Mack, 1970)] had on FMDV circulation in Africa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Although FMD has a low mortality rate in adult animals, it causes significant productivity losses that may lead to important and continuous economic losses for farmers and may impact a countries trading ability at a national level (Di Nardo et al, 2011). Although work has been done to understand the impact of FMDV in large scale dairy farms in LMICs (Lyons et al, 2015), there is still a lack of data to quantify its impact more broadly on the economy of endemically infected countries (Casey et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many wildlife species can be infected by FMDVs in Africa (Weaver et al, 2013), but amongst all these potential hosts, only the Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and impala (Aepyceros melampus) have been implicated in the transmission of FMDV to domestic cattle (Vosloo et al, 2002(Vosloo et al, , 2009. Even though the Cape buffalo is suspected to be the primary reservoir and the main source of SAT serotypes in Southern Africa (Miguel et al, 2013), its role as a viral source for livestock epidemics, especially for the FMDV O, A, and C serotypes, outside Southern Africa is still unclear (Bastos et al, 2000;Thomson et al, 2003;Casey et al, 2014;Tekleghiorghis et al, 2016), and might be unimportant (Casey-Bryars et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogeographic Analysis and Identification of Factors Impacting the Diffusion of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Africa

2019

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Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Due to the complexity of the disease epidemiology and the lack of data available, there is a need to use modeling approaches to fill the gaps in our understanding of the virus circulation on this continent. Using a phylogeographic approach, we reconstructed the circulation of FMD virus serotypes A, O, SAT1, and SAT2 in Africa and evaluated the influence of potential environmental and anthropological predictors of virus diffusion. Our results show that the serotypes O and A were introduced to Africa over the last century while the SAT1 and SAT2 serotype have been circulating for at least 400 years in wildlife. Our results also suggest that, outside Southern-Africa, wildlife does not play a role in the maintenance and circulation of the disease within domestic animals. Further, the circulation of serotype O in eastern Africa appears to be facilitated by both indirect transmission through persistence in the environment and anthropological activities such as cattle movements. Evidence for the different epidemiologies of serotypes has been lacking but is essential in developing a modern approach to control of FMD viruses in Africa.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogeographic Analysis and Identification of Factors Impacting the Diffusion of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Africa

2019

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“…Many studies suggest that the transboundary FMDV incursions play a dominant role in disease movement [1, 7, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25]. Numerous FMD outbreaks of serotypes O, A and Asia 1 have originated within South Asia [26, 27, 28, 29, 21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transboundary movements of foot-and-mouth disease from India to Sri Lanka: A common pattern is shared by serotypes O and C

et al. 2019

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) affects the livestock industry in a transboundary manner. It is essential to understand the FMD phylodynamics to assist in the disease-eradication. FMD critically affects the Sri Lankan cattle industry causing substantial economic losses. Even though many studies have covered the serotyping and genotyping of FMD virus (FMDV) in Sri Lanka, there is a significant knowledge gap exists in understanding the FMDV phylodynamics in the country. In the present study, the VP1 genomic region of FMD viral isolates belonging to serotype C from Sri Lanka and other South Asian countries were sequenced. All the published VPI sequences of serotype C and most of the published VP1 sequences for lineage ME-SA/Ind-2001d of serotype O from Sri Lanka, India, and other South Asian countries were retrieved. The datasets of serotype C and serotype O were separately analyzed using Bayesian, maximum likelihood, and phylogenetic networking methods to infer the transboundary movements and evolutionary aspects of the FMDV incursions in Sri Lanka. A model-based approach was used to detect any possible recombination events of FMDV incursions. Our results revealed that the invasions of the topotype ASIA of serotype C and the lineage ME-SA/Ind-2001d have a similar pattern of transboundary movement and evolution. The haplotype networks and phylogenies developed in the present study confirmed that FMDV incursions in Sri Lanka mainly originate from the Indian subcontinent, remain quiet after migration, and then cause outbreaks in a subsequent year. Since there are no recombination events detected among the different viral strains across serotypes and topotypes, we can assume that the incursions tend to show the independent evolution compared to the ancestral viral populations. Thus, we highlight the need for thorough surveillance of cattle/ruminants and associated product-movement into Sri Lanka from other regions to prevent the transboundary movement of FMDV.

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Characteristics and Perspectives of Disease at the Wildlife-Livestock Interface in Africa

Jori¹,

Nys²,

Faye³

et al. 2021

Diseases at the Wildlife - Livestock Interface

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Patterns of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Distribution in Africa

Cited by 10 publications

References 55 publications

Phylogeographic Analysis and Identification of Factors Impacting the Diffusion of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Africa

Phylogeographic Analysis and Identification of Factors Impacting the Diffusion of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Africa

Transboundary movements of foot-and-mouth disease from India to Sri Lanka: A common pattern is shared by serotypes O and C

Characteristics and Perspectives of Disease at the Wildlife-Livestock Interface in Africa

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