Patterns of Ice Accumulation and Forest Disturbance During Two Ice Storms in Southwestern Virginia

Lafon, Charles W.; Graybeal, Daniel Y.; Orvis, Kenneth H.

doi:10.1080/02723646.1999.10642671

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Ring width patterns or signatures have been proposed to aid development of ice storm chronologies from tree ring series, in the absence of other records of storm events (Lafon and Speer 2002). Although recent ice storms have been extensively surveyed (Miller-Weeks and Eagar 1999;Lafon et al 1999), the relationship of tree growth to the intensity of crown injury has not been previously described. In this article, we assess the relationship of annual radial increment of sugar maple (Acer sacchnrum Marsh.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radial growth of hardwoods following the 1998 ice storm in New Hampshire and Maine

Smith¹,

Shortle²

2003

Can. J. For. Res.

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Ice storms and resulting injury to tree crowns occur frequently En North America, Reaction of land managers to injury caused by the regional ice storm of January 1998 had the potential to accelerate the harvesting of northern hardwoods due to concern about [he future loss of wood production by injured trees. To assess the effect of oh~s stom on radial stem growth, increment cores were collected from northern hardwood trees categorized by crown injury classes. For a total of 347 surviving canopy dominant and subdominant trees, a radial growth index was calculated (mean annual increment for 199&2000 divided by the mean annual increment for [1995][1996][1997]. Sugar maple (Acer sacchrum Marsh.), yellow birch (Betula alleghniertsi~ Britt.), white ash (Fmxinus aomericana L.), and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) categorized in injury class A (mown loss of less than one-halo had mean growth index values of approximately 1.0, indicating no loss of mean radial growth after 3 years* For injury class B (crown loss of one-half to three-quarters) and class C (crown loss greater than three-quarters), growth index values significantly decreased for sugar maple, yellow birch, and red maple. For whlte ash, growth index values of classes B and C were not significantly different from those of class A trees. Growth index values of A, sacckarm and A. rubrum in injufy class C were the lowest of those measured. These results indicated that the severity of growth toss due to crown injury depends on tree species and crown replacement as well as the extent of crown loss.Resum4 : Les tempEtes de verglas et les blessures qui en dsultent dans la cime des arbres surviennent frQuemment en Arntrique du Nord. La &action des amenagistes aux dommages causes par la temp&te de verglas survenue dans la region en janvier I998 risquait d"acctl&r la rLcoIte des feuillus nordiques B cause des penes futures appehendks de matiere ligneuse chez les arbres endommagts. Pour evaluer l'effet de cette tempre sur la croissance radiaIe de la tige, des carottes ont 6t-4 @levees sur des feu~llus nordiques r e p u p t s par classes de dommages dans la cime.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radial growth of hardwoods following the 1998 ice storm in New Hampshire and Maine

Smith¹,

Shortle²

2003

Can. J. For. Res.

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“…These physical factors have increasingly been shown to have a significant influence on ice storm disturbance magnitude and severity (Lafon et al 1999, Irland 2000. However, these studies report contrasting patterns of ice storm damage in their respective locations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Previous research in different geographic locations demonstrates the severity of damage on trees is linked primarily to the physical landscape. However, while some studies indicate elevation (Abell 1934, Nicholas and Zedaker 1989, Millward and Kraft, 2004) is the most important variable dictating forest damage, other studies determined aspect (Lafon et al 1999, Stueve et al 2007) was the most important variable. The landscapes studied in these instances are comprised of different spatial extents, often examine a single watershed, and contain different degrees of topographic heterogeneity (e.g., different mountain elevations, soil type).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, damage at broader spatial extents is sometimes related to belowfreezing temperatures that cause ice deposits to linger days after the ice storm event has passed through an area, but the higher severity is often restricted locally at higher elevations where temperatures are coldest and most exposed to the elements (Burton and Gwinner 1960). The location and degree of damage at broader spatial extents is further intensified by the direction of wind flow (Cain and Shelton 2002), where windward slope aspects often display more severe ice damage (Lafon et al 1999). Higher elevations and ridgetops are generally determined to be more susceptible to damage (Abell 1934, Nicholas andZedaker 1989) as a result of colder temperatures and greater exposure to wind (Nicholas and Zedaker 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ice storms cause extensive damage to forested landscapes and are an important natural disturbance that drives vegetation change in eastern North America (Lafon et al 1999, Lafon 2004, Millward and Kraft 2004. The meteorological conditions during the ice storm and biophysical makeup of the forested landscape influence the severity of damage and the spatial extent of the disturbance (Huston 1994, Foster et al 1997, Wickham et al 2000, Turner 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ice storms generate spatially heterogeneous damage patterns at the watershed scale in forested landscapes

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The effects of large-scale disturbances play a pivotal role in shaping ecosystem structure and function. Interactions between disturbances and a multitude of biophysical factors at different scales generate spatially heterogeneous patterns of damage on vegetated landscapes. However, research on largescale disturbances is often conducted at one spatial extent because of the challenges associated with quantifying patterns of damage in vegetation across multiple spatial extents. Consequently, the literature has identified many different and often conflicting biophysical controls of vegetation damage, which is likely a consequence of the historical and spatial contingency of particular geographic locations. We investigated the influence of biophysical factors and spatial extent of ice storm damage patterns across the entire Ouachita National Forest and in 65 individual watersheds. This allowed for an assessment of how spatial extent and contingency might influence statistical results and therefore any conclusions drawn from these analyses. Two pre-and post-storm Landsat 7 ETMþ scenes (October 6, 1999 and September 25, 2001) were acquired to map ice storm damage based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) change. Field sites verified the relationship between NDVI and actual forest damage from the storms. We derived topographic variables from a digital elevation model (DEM) and biological variables from GAPgenerated data. The relationship between ice storm damage patterns and biophysical factors across the entire national forest landscape was weak. However, the relationship between damage severity, topography, and forest type increased significantly at the watershed scale, though the specific variable displaying the strongest influence varied by individual watershed. This research demonstrates that complex topography and biological factors interact with the meteorological characteristics of ice storms to generate spatially heterogeneous damage patterns in forests at the watershed scale. It is likely that the damage patterns corresponding to a particular watershed will be repeated during future disturbances.

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Ice Storms in Central Hardwood Forests: The Disturbance Regime, Spatial Patterns, and Vegetation Influences

Lafon

2016

Natural Disturbances and Historic Range of Variation

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Patterns of Ice Accumulation and Forest Disturbance During Two Ice Storms in Southwestern Virginia

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

Radial growth of hardwoods following the 1998 ice storm in New Hampshire and Maine

Radial growth of hardwoods following the 1998 ice storm in New Hampshire and Maine

Ice storms generate spatially heterogeneous damage patterns at the watershed scale in forested landscapes

Ice Storms in Central Hardwood Forests: The Disturbance Regime, Spatial Patterns, and Vegetation Influences

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