“…Regulation of these activities, although multifactorial, does involve the complex regulation of proteases, integrins, and extracellular molecules [2]. We recently described the changes in structure and examined the role of cell kinases in modulating the development of intimal hyperplasia in a murine model and demonstrated that femoral wire injury in the mouse induces a consistent model of intimal hyperplasia and that it is associated with a time-dependent increase in signaling kinase (ERK1/2, p38 MAPK , and JNK) activity [3]. There were also time-dependent alterations in the activity and expression of the protease, urokinase (uPA), and its inhibitor, PAI-1, after injury.…”