Patterns of Pupillary Dilatation and Constriction in Psychotic Adults and Autistic Children

Rubin, Leonard S.

doi:10.1097/00005053-196108000-00009

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies of have reported conflicting results, including an early finding of smaller pupils sizes in children with autism during pupillary dilation (Rubin 1961) and more recently a report of larger baseline pupil size in young children between 23 and 70 months of age (Anderson and Colombo 2009). Our finding of a significantly larger between-subject variation of the resting pupil size in the ASD group supports the likelihood that differences in pupil size may be quite heterogeneous.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Rubin (1961) measured the pupil size at the end of 1-5 s of light adaptation and 5-60 s of dark adaptation in a small group of five children with autism, comparing them to four typically developing children. He found that the pupil size in children with autism decreased slower during light adaptation and was smaller throughout dark adaptation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abnormal Transient Pupillary Light Reflex in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Fan

Miles

Takahashi

et al. 2009

J Autism Dev Disord

103

122

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Computerized binocular infrared pupillography was used to measure the transient pupillary light reflex (PLR) in both children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and children with typical development. We found that participants with ASDs showed significantly longer PLR latency, smaller constriction amplitude and lower constriction velocity than children with typical development. The PLR latency alone can be used to discriminate the ASD group from the control group with a cross-validated success rate of 89.6%. By adding the constriction amplitude, the percentage of correct classification can be further improved to 92.5%. In addition, the right-lateralization of contraction anisocoria that was observed in participants with typical development was not observed in those with ASDs. Further studies are necessary to understand the origin and implications of these observations. It is anticipated that as potential biomarkers, these pupillary light reflex measurements will advance our understanding of neurodevelopmental differences in the autism brain.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Transient Pupillary Light Reflex in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Fan

Miles

Takahashi

et al. 2009

J Autism Dev Disord

103

122

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“…The sustained nature of our stimulus presentation is a key difference between PLR paradigms and our experiment. While PLR paradigms have been used to show differences between groups of children with and without ASD 18, 29 , to our knowledge, no study has linked PLR to quantitative measures of ASD. The sustained presentation may be the factor that allowed us to capture a relationship between individual differences in autism traits and metrics of pupil adaptation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rubin 18 was one of the earliest to assess pupil size during dark and light adaptation in children and reported that children with autism had smaller pupil sizes during dark adaptation and slower constriction during light adaptation. In contrast, several studies have demonstrated a difference in baseline pupil diameter (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pupil adaptation corresponds to quantitative measures of autism traits in children

DiCriscio

Troiani

2017

Sci Rep

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The pupil is known to reflect a range of psychological and physiological variables, including cognitive effort, arousal, attention, and even learning. Within autism spectrum disorder (ASD), some work has used pupil physiology to successfully classify patients with or without autism. As we have come to understand the heterogeneity of ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders, the relationship between quantitative traits and physiological markers has become increasingly more important, as this may lead us closer to the underlying biological basis for atypical responses and behaviors. We implemented a novel paradigm designed to capture patterns of pupil adaptation during sustained periods of dark and light conditions in a pediatric sample that varied in intellectual ability and clinical features. We also investigate the relationship between pupil metrics derived from this novel task and quantitative behavioral traits associated with the autism phenotype. We show that pupil metrics of constriction and dilation are distinct from baseline metrics. Pupil dilation metrics correlate with individual differences measured by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), a quantitative measure of autism traits. These results suggest that using a novel, yet simple, paradigm can result in meaningful pupil metrics that correlate with individual differences in autism traits, as measured by the SRS.

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“…Rubin found a smaller pupil size to a dark stimulus and a larger pupil size to a light stimulus in ASD compared to controls (Rubin, 1961). Anderson and Colombo (2009) subsequently found two- to five-year-old children with ASD to have a larger tonic pupil size to a light stimulus (5.1 lx) than age-matched controls.…”

Section: Rationale For the Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pupil and salivary indicators of autonomic dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder

Anderson

Colombo

Unruh

2012

Developmental Psychobiology

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Dysregulated tonic pupil size has been reported in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Among the possible sources of this dysregulation are disruptions in the feedback loop between norepinephrine (NE) and hypothalamic systems. In the current study, we examined afternoon levels of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA, a putative correlate of NE) and cortisol (used to assess stress-based responses) in two independent samples of children with ASD. We found a larger pupil size and lower sAA levels in ASD, compared to typical and clinical age-matched controls. This was substantiated at the individual level, as sAA levels were strongly correlated with tonic pupil size. Relatively little diurnal variation in sAA taken in the home environment in the ASD group was also observed, while typical controls showed a significant linear increase throughout the day. Results are discussed in terms of potential early biomarkers and the elucidation of underlying neural dysfunction in ASD.

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Patterns of Pupillary Dilatation and Constriction in Psychotic Adults and Autistic Children

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Abnormal Transient Pupillary Light Reflex in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Abnormal Transient Pupillary Light Reflex in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Pupil adaptation corresponds to quantitative measures of autism traits in children

Pupil and salivary indicators of autonomic dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder

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