Patterns of tick infestation and their Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. infection in wild birds in Portugal

Norte, Ana Cláudia; Silva, L.P. da; Tenreiro, P.J.Q.; Felgueiras, Marcial; Araújo, Pedro M.; Lopes, Paulo; Matos, C. De; Rosa, Aline de Souza; Ferreira, Paulo J. S. G.; Encarnação, P.; Rocha, Afonso D.; Escudero, Raquel; Anda, Pedro; Núncio, Maria Sofia; Carvalho, Isabel Lopes de

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.06.010

Cited by 23 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…DNA of the new Borrelia genospecies ( Candidatus Borrelia aligera) was detected in an I. ventalloi nymph feeding on a T. iliacus in Portugal. Its flaB sequence was 100% identical to a flaB sequence previously detected in one I. ricinus nymph feeding on a Sardinian warbler Sylvia melanocephala in Portugal (isolate T794A; accession number KT207789; Norte et al, ). The PCR targeting the 5S‐23S rRNA intergenic spacer was positive showing that this genospecies belongs to the B. burgdorferi s.l.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

“…The other tick species (I. frontalis, I. arboricola and I. ventalloi) and genera (Haemaphysalis and Hyalomma) collected from birds in this study have also been previously reported on birds (Diakou et al, 2016;Norte et al, 2012;Pérez-Eid, 2007) and differ in vector competence for Borrelia (Eisen & Lane, 2002;. Some bird species such as hole-nesting birds (P. major and F. albicollis), Poupon et al, 2006), Spain (9.2%; Palomar et al, 2016) and Portugal (7.3%; Norte et al, 2015). We cannot exclude the pos- (clpA, clpX, pepX, pyrG, nifS, recG, rplB, uvrA) of Borrelia garinii strains (strain IDs included in this analysis are available in Table S3) 2017), but with a significant increase with longitude, rather than latitude, as in our study (Rauter & Hartung, 2005).…”

Section: Multilocus Sequence Typing/multilocus Sequence Analysis (Msupporting

confidence: 69%

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Host dispersal shapes the population structure of a tick‐borne bacterial pathogen

Norte

Margos²,

Becker

et al. 2020

Molecular Ecology

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Birds are hosts for several zoonotic pathogens. Because of their high mobility, especially of longdistance migrants, birds can disperse these pathogens, affecting their distribution and phylogeography. We focused on Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, which includes the causative agents of Lyme borreliosis, as an example for tick‐borne pathogens, to address the role of birds as propagation hosts of zoonotic agents at a large geographical scale. We collected ticks from passerine birds in 11 European countries. B. burgdorferi s.l. prevalence in Ixodes spp. was 37% and increased with latitude. The fieldfare Turdus pilaris and the blackbird T. merula carried ticks with the highest Borrelia prevalence (92 and 58%, respectively), whereas robin Erithacus rubecula ticks were the least infected (3.8%). Borrelia garinii was the most prevalent genospecies (61%), followed by B. valaisiana (24%), B. afzelii (9%), B. turdi (5%) and B. lusitaniae (0.5%). A novel Borrelia genospecies “Candidatus Borrelia aligera” was also detected. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis of B. garinii isolates together with the global collection of B. garinii genotypes obtained from the Borrelia MLST public database revealed that: (a) there was little overlap among genotypes from different continents, (b) there was no geographical structuring within Europe, and (c) there was no evident association pattern detectable among B. garinii genotypes from ticks feeding on birds, questing ticks or human isolates. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that the population structure and evolutionary biology of tick‐borne pathogens are shaped by their host associations and the movement patterns of these hosts.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Multilocus Sequence Typing/multilocus Sequence Analysis (Msupporting

confidence: 69%

Host dispersal shapes the population structure of a tick‐borne bacterial pathogen

Norte

Margos²,

Becker

et al. 2020

Molecular Ecology

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“…There are exceptional records from Carnivora: Mustelidae and humans. Main references: Filippova (1977), Gilot (1984), Tovornik (1991), Doby (1998), , Norte et al (2015). Cooley and Kohls, 1938: a Nearctic species with larvae, nymphs and adults usually found on Passeriformes: Hirundinidae, with records of larvae and nymphs on Passeriformes: Fringillidae and nymphs on Falconiformes: Falconidae (Kohls and Ryckman 1962;Webb et al 1990;Durden and Keirans 1996;.…”

Section: Ixodes Collocaliaementioning

confidence: 99%

Birds and hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae), with discussions about hypotheses on tick evolution

Guglielmone¹,

Nava²

2017

FAVE Cs Vet

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SUMMARY.The relationship between birds (Aves) and hard ticks (Ixodidae) was analyzed for the 386 of 725 tick extant species whose larva, nymph and adults are known as well as their natural hosts. A total of 136 (54 Prostriata= Ixodes, 82 Metastriata= all other genera) are frequently found on Aves, but only 32 species (1 associated with Palaeognathae, 31 with Neognathae) have all parasitic stages feeding on birds: 25 Ixodes (19% of the species analyzed for this genus), 6 Haemaphysalis (7%) and 1 species of Amblyomma (2%). The species of Amblyomma feeds on marine birds (MB), the six Haemaphysalis are parasites of non-marine birds (NMB), and 14 of the 25 Ixodes feed on NMB, one feeds on NMB and MB, and ten on MB. The Australasian Ixodes + I. uriae clade probably originated at an uncertain time from the late Triassic to the early Cretaceous. It is speculated that Prostriata first hosts were Gondwanan theropod dinosaurs in an undetermined place before Pangaea break up; alternatively, if ancestral monotromes were involved in its evolution an Australasian origin of Prostriata seems plausible. As for Prostriata the Motherland of Ixodida is probably Gondwana.RESUMEN. Aves y garrapatas duras (Ixodidae), con discusión sobre hipótesis sobre evolución de las garrapatas. En esta revisión se analizó la relación entre aves y garrapatas duras (Ixodidae) para las 386 de 725 especies de garrapatas que utilizan aves como hospedadores para larvas, ninfas y adultos. Un total de 136 especies (54 Prostriata= Ixodes, 82 Metastriata= restantes géneros) son frecuentemente encontradas sobre aves, pero solo 32 especies (1 asociada con Palaeognathae, 31 con Neognathae) tienen ciclos donde todos los estadios se alimentan sobre aves: 25 Ixodes (19% de las especies analizadas para este género), 6 Haemaphysalis (7% del total) y 1 especie de Amblyomma (2% del total). Las especies de Amblyomma se alimentan sobre aves marinas (MB), las seis de Haemaphysalis son parásitas de aves no-marinas (NMB), y 14 de las 25 especies de Ixodes se alimentan sobre NMB, una sobre NMB y MB, y diez sobre MB. El clado de Australasia Ixodes + I. uriae probablemente se originó entre el fin del Triásico y comienzos del Cretácico. Se especula que los primeros hospedadores de Prostriata fueron dinosaurios terópodos con distribución Gondwánica; alternativamente, si monotremas ancestrales estuvieron involucrados en su evolución, un origen de Prostriata en Australasia es plausible. Al igual que para Prostriata, el área de origen de Ixodida es probablemente Gondwana.

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“…Borrelia turdi is a genospecies first detected in Japan in 1996 [6], in an endophilic tick (Ixodes turdus) feeding on a passerine bird (Emberiza spodocephala [7]). Recently, B. turdi was reported from the Republic of Korea [8] and has been increasingly detected in Europe, including in Norway [9], Belgium [10], Spain [11] and Portugal [12,13]. These detections derived mostly from ornithophilic ticks such as I. frontalis, feeding on thrushes (Turdus sp.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These detections derived mostly from ornithophilic ticks such as I. frontalis, feeding on thrushes (Turdus sp.) and Parus major, and B. turdi prevalence varied between 7 and 56 % in I. frontalis feeding on birds [10][11][12][13]. B. turdi has also been detected in Ixodes ricinus [9,12] although with lower prevalence and in T. merula skin biopsies [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization Through Multilocus Sequence Analysis of Borrelia turdi Isolates from Portugal

et al. 2015

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Borrelia turdi is a spirochete from the Borrelia burgdorferi complex, first reported in Japan, that has been increasingly detected in Europe. This genospecies is mostly associated with avian hosts and their ornithophilic ticks such as Ixodes frontalis. In this study, we isolated B. turdi from five I. frontalis feeding on Turdus merula, Turdus philomelos, Parus major and Troglodytes troglodytes, and one Ixodes ricinus feeding on a T. merula in Portugal. These isolates were genetically characterised according to their 5S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer, 16S rRNA and through typing of seven housekeeping genes (multilocus sequence typing). Multilocus sequence analyses revealed that the strains isolated in our study, although belonging to B. turdi genospecies, are not identical to the B. turdi reference strain Ya501. Instead, our strains are separated into a clear defined group, suggesting that the European samples diverged genetically from the strain originally detected in Japan. Population analysis of 5S-23S rRNA sequences can further resolve subpopulations within B. turdi, but more samples from a large geographical scale and host range would be needed to assess potential phylogeographical patterns within this genospecies.

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Patterns of tick infestation and their Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. infection in wild birds in Portugal

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

Host dispersal shapes the population structure of a tick‐borne bacterial pathogen

Host dispersal shapes the population structure of a tick‐borne bacterial pathogen

Birds and hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae), with discussions about hypotheses on tick evolution

Characterization Through Multilocus Sequence Analysis of Borrelia turdi Isolates from Portugal

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