Paving the Way for Reliable Alzheimer's Disease Blood Diagnosis by Quadruple Electrochemical Immunosensing

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder, demands new cost‐effective and easy‐to‐use strategies for its reliable detection, mainly in the preclinical stages. Here, we report the first immunoplatform for the electrochemical multidetermination of four candidate protein biomarkers in blood, neurofilament light chain (NfL), Tau, phosphorylated Tau (p‐Tau) and TAR DNA‐Binding Protein 43 (TDP‐43). It involves implementation of sandwich‐type immunoassays and enzymatic labelling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on the surface of magnetic microbeads (MBs). Amperometric detection is performed after depositing the magnetic immunoconjugates on disposable quadruple transduction platforms by monitoring the enzymatic reduction of H2O2 mediated by hydroquinone (HQ). The immunoplatform achieved LOD values smaller than the content of target biomarkers in plasma of healthy subjects, with RSD values<5 %, and lower cost and shorter assay time (60–90 min) than other available methodologies and was applied to the analysis of plasma from healthy controls and AD patients.

Electrochemical Biosensor for Point-of-Care Testing of Low-Abundance Biomarkers of Neurological Diseases

“…Because it has the advantages of providing simultaneous, rapid, and quantitative detection and analysis of a variety of unknown substances, it is a good electrode material. Electrochemical biosensors, because of their advantages of low cost, simplicity, rapidity, and high sensitivity, hold great promise for highly sensitive detection of biomarkers associated with neurological diseases. − …”