Paxillus involutus Forms an Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis and Enhances Survival of PtCOMT-modified Betula pendula in vitro

Tiimonen, Heidi; Aronen, Tuija; Laakso, Tapio; Saranpää, Pekka; Chiang, Vincent L.; Häggman, Hely; Niemi, Karoliina

doi:10.1515/sg-2008-0036

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The expression of PtCOMT under control of the 35S promoter resulted in lower S/G ratios in the stem and root wood when compared with clone A, as observed in previous studies [ 48 , 53 , 63 ]. By contrast, when PtCOMT was under the UbB1 promoter, no changes were detected in the lignin characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Moreover, the mycorrhizal interaction increased FWs in all PtCOMT lines. Similar results have been obtained with silver birches expressing sugar beet chitinase IV [ 61 ] and 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase ( 4CL ) [ 52 ] and PtCOMT [ 53 ]. In all of these studies, transgenic silver birches were capable of forming ECM symbiosis although 4CL expressing silver birches had changes in their growth characteristics [ 52 ] and two PtCOMT silver birch lines had altered ECM morphology in vitro [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Therefore, the pleiotropic or non-target effects of transgenes should also be studied in diverse environmental conditions. So far, only minor changes have been found in interactions between lignin modified trees and herbivores or soil microfauna [ 47 - 53 ]. Recent studies investigating possible changes in the secondary metabolism that are caused by genetic transformations have mostly been conducted on herbaceous species [ 54 - 59 ] and without the involvement of ecological interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenolic compounds in ectomycorrhizal interaction of lignin modified silver birch

et al. 2009

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BackgroundThe monolignol biosynthetic pathway interconnects with the biosynthesis of other secondary phenolic metabolites, such as cinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids and condensed tannins. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether genetic modification of the monolignol pathway in silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) would alter the metabolism of these phenolic compounds and how such alterations, if exist, would affect the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis.ResultsSilver birch lines expressing quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides L.) caffeate/5-hydroxyferulate O-methyltransferase (PtCOMT) under the 35S cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) promoter showed a reduction in the relative expression of a putative silver birch COMT (BpCOMT) gene and, consequently, a decrease in the lignin syringyl/guaiacyl composition ratio. Alterations were also detected in concentrations of certain phenolic compounds. All PtCOMT silver birch lines produced normal ectomycorrhizas with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus (Batsch: Fr.), and the formation of symbiosis enhanced the growth of the transgenic plants.ConclusionThe down-regulation of BpCOMT in the 35S-PtCOMT lines caused a reduction in the syringyl/guaiacyl ratio of lignin, but no significant effect was seen in the composition or quantity of phenolic compounds that would have been caused by the expression of PtCOMT under the 35S or UbB1 promoter. Moreover, the detected alterations in the composition of lignin and secondary phenolic compounds had no effect on the interaction between silver birch and P. involutus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenolic compounds in ectomycorrhizal interaction of lignin modified silver birch

et al. 2009

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“…Species and strains of mycorrhizal fungi vary in their ability to develop mycorrhizal symbiosis with tree microplants (Gafur et al 2004;Luo et al 2009a, b), in their tolerance to toxic metals (Blaudez et al 2000;Ma et al 2014;Luo et al 2014), and in their capacity for metal accumulation and detoxification (Rudawska and Leski 2005;Baldrian 2009;Luo et al 2011). Choosing compatible and efficient mycorrhizal symbionts (species/isolates) is required to ameliorate successfully the negative impacts of toxic contaminants on plants (Gafur et al 2004;Timonen et al 2008;Li et al 2012;Polle et al 2013;Ma et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of mycorrhizal inoculation on growth of micropropagated Populus × canescens lines in metal-contaminated soils

et al. 2014

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Micropropagated grey poplar (Populus 9 canescens (Aiton) Sm.) plantlets selected during in vitro culture as tolerant to toxic Cu and Pb ions, as well as control plantlets, were inoculated ex vitro with selected strains of ectomycorrhizal fungi (Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Paxillus involutus) and an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Rhizophagus irregularis BEG 87) or not inoculated, and were grown for 8 weeks in a growth chamber. Successfully acclimatized microplants were transferred to a greenhouse and grown for 16 weeks in unpolluted soil irrigated during the cultivation period with solutions containing high concentrations of Cu or Pb ions or in soil contaminated with Cu and Pb collected 1 km from a copper smelter. Ectomycorrhizal inoculation enhanced the survival rate of plantlets during ex vitro acclimatization. Poplar microplants inoculated with H. crustuliniforme and selected strains of P. involutus accumulated higher concentrations of Cu and Pb when grown in contaminated soils than the uninoculated plants and reduced concentration of the metals in the soils. In conclusion, grey poplar microplants tolerant to heavy metals and inoculated with appropriate ectomycorrhizal fungi can facilitate the adaptation of these plants to metal-polluted soils and may be used for afforestation and phytoremediation of polluted land.

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“…The few studies to date with lignin-modified GM birch and its ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. have produced only limited evidence of impacts (Seppanen et al, 2007;Sutela et al, 2009;Tiimonen et al, 2008).…”

Section: Possible Impacts Of Altered-lignin Gm Pines On Invertebrate mentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing risk hypotheses and selecting species for assessing non-target impacts of GM trees with novel traits: The case of altered-lignin pine trees

Malone

Todd

Burgess

et al. 2010

Environ. Biosafety Res.

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A procedure is presented for developing environmental risk hypotheses associated with the deployment of forest trees genetically modified to have altered wood properties and for selecting non-target species to test these hypotheses. Altered-lignin Pinus radiata trees intended for use in New Zealand are used as a hypothetical case study to illustrate our approach. Firstly, environmental management goals (such as wood production, flood control or preservation of biodiversity) were identified and linked to the forest attributes they require. Necessary conditions for each attribute were listed and appropriate assessment endpoints for them developed. For example, biological control of pests may be one condition necessary for a forest to have healthy trees, and the diversity and abundance of natural enemy species in the forest could be an appropriate assessment endpoint for measuring this condition. A conceptual model describing the relationships between an altered-lignin GM pine tree and potentially affected invertebrates and micro-organisms in a plantation forest was used to develop a set of risk hypotheses describing how the GM trees might affect each assessment endpoint. Because purified lignin does not represent the properties it imparts to wood, maximum hazard dose tests with non-target organisms, as are used to inform toxin risk assessment, cannot be conducted. Alternative experiments, based on current knowledge of the responses of organisms to lignin, must be designed. A screening method was adapted and applied to a database of invertebrate species known to inhabit New Zealand pine forests to identify and prioritize non-target invertebrate species that could be used as experimental subjects for examining these hypotheses. The screening model and its application are presented, along with a set of recommendations for pre-release tests with GM pines and potentially affected invertebrates and micro-organisms.

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Paxillus involutus Forms an Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis and Enhances Survival of PtCOMT-modified Betula pendula in vitro

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Phenolic compounds in ectomycorrhizal interaction of lignin modified silver birch

Phenolic compounds in ectomycorrhizal interaction of lignin modified silver birch

Influence of mycorrhizal inoculation on growth of micropropagated Populus × canescens lines in metal-contaminated soils

Developing risk hypotheses and selecting species for assessing non-target impacts of GM trees with novel traits: The case of altered-lignin pine trees

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