Phenolic compounds in ectomycorrhizal interaction of lignin modified silver birch

Sutela, Suvi; Niemi, Karoliina; Edesi, Jaanika; Laakso, Tapio; Saranpää, Pekka; Vuosku, Jaana; Mäkelä, R.; Tiimonen, Heidi; Chiang, Vincent L.; Koskimäki, Janne J.; Suorsa, Marjaana; Julkunen‐Tiitto, Riitta; Häggman, Hely

doi:10.1186/1471-2229-9-124

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…The lower concentration (μg mg −1 DW) of lead in inoculated roots, especially those inoculated with the non-tolerant strain, may have resulted from ECM increasing the production and extraction of phenolic compounds (Schützendübel and Polle 2002;Jacob et al 2004) or metallothioneins (Courty et al 2011), which both form complexes with heavy metals. However, effect of mycorrhizae on phenolic compounds has not been fully characterized, and differs among various symbiotic interactions (Sutela et al 2009). Moreover, some phenolic compounds exhibit antimicrobial activities (Münzenberger et al 1995), and may delay the mycorrhization process, possibly observed for non-tolerant strain.…”

Section: Benefits Of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi On Plants Grown In the Prementioning

confidence: 99%

Inoculation with a Pb-tolerant strain of Paxillus involutus improves growth and Pb tolerance of Populus × canescens under in vitro conditions

et al. 2016

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Aims Ectomycorrhizal fungi can improve poplar growth and tolerance to heavy metal stress, and may be useful during the afforestation and phytoremediation of polluted regions with poplar trees. In this study, we determined the effects of the symbiotic interaction between Populus × canescens trees and Paxillus involutus strains different in their tolerance to lead. Methods In vitro inoculated and non-inoculated plants were treated with 0.75 mM Pb(NO 3 ) 2 . The root colonization rate of the two fungal strains, as well as their impacts on poplar health and lead accumulation were examined. Results Based on the colonization level, the roots were classified into one of three categories: non-mycorrhized, changed (ie, fungal cells were present on the root surface, but the Hartig net did not fully develop), and fully mycorrhized. The lead-tolerant P. involutus strain colonized roots better than the non-tolerant strain (ie, changed and fully mycorrhized roots). Moreover, plants inoculated with the tolerant fungal strain grew better than the control plants (217 % increase in dry weight over the controls), and accumulated lead in the roots and stems.Conclusions Inoculation of P. × canescens trees with a Pb-tolerant strain of P. involutus improves host plant growth and may increase Pb phytostabilization potential.

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Section: Benefits Of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi On Plants Grown In the Prementioning

confidence: 99%

Inoculation with a Pb-tolerant strain of Paxillus involutus improves growth and Pb tolerance of Populus × canescens under in vitro conditions

et al. 2016

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“…The down-regulation of COMT in silver birch led to no change in lignin content, and did not affect the feeding preference of insect herbivores or the interactions with the ectomycorhhizal fungus Paxillas involutus (Tiimonen et al, 2005;Sutela et al, 2009). …”

Section: Caffeic Acid O-methyltransferasementioning

confidence: 99%

Monolignol Biosynthesis and its Genetic Manipulation: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Dixon

Reddy

Gallego‐Giraldo³

2014

Recent Advances in Polyphenol Research

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Economic and environmental factors favor the adoption of lignocellulosic bioenergy crops for production of liquid transportation fuels. However, lignocellulosic biomass is recalcitrant to saccharification (sugar release from cell walls), and this is, at least in part, due to the presence of the phenylpropanoid-derived cell wall polymer lignin. A large body of evidence exists documenting the impacts of lignin modification in plants. This technology can lead to improved forage quality and enhanced processing properties for trees (paper pulping) and lignocellulosic energy crops. We here provide a comprehensive review of the literature on lignin modification in plants. The pathway has been targeted through down-regulating expression of the enzymes of the monolignol pathway, as well as through down-regulation or over-expression of transcription factors that control lignin biosynthesis and/or programs of secondary cell wall development. Targeting lignin modification at some steps in the monolignol pathway can result in impairment of plant growth and development, often associated with the triggering of endogenous host defense mechanisms. Recent studies suggest that it may be possible to decouple negative growth impacts from lignin reduction.Keywords: monolignol biosynthesis, genetic modification, transcription factor, gene silencing, saccharification. 2 IntroductionLignin is a major component of plant secondary cell walls, and the second most abundant plant polymer on the planet. Lignin constitutes about 15-35% of the dry mass of vascular plants (Adler, 1977). Considerable attention has been given over the past several years to the reduction of lignin content in model plant species, forages, trees, and dedicated bioenergy feedstocks. This is because forage digestibility, paper pulping and liquid fuel production from biomass through fermentation are all affected by recalcitrance of lignocellulose, primarily due to the presence of lignin, which blocks accessibility of the sugar-rich cell wall polysaccharides cellulose and hemicellulose to enzymes and microorganisms (Pilate et al., 2002;Reddy et al., 2005;.Much is now known of the biosynthesis of lignin and its control at the transcriptional level. This information informs the targets that have been selected for genetic modification of lignin content and composition in transgenic plants. There is considerable variation in the effects on lignin content and composition depending on the gene that is targeted for down-or up-regulation. Equally important, lignin modification can have profound impacts on plant growth and development, ranging from good through bad to "downright ugly", but these impacts are again strongly target dependent. Understanding the mechanisms that may impact plant growth, which equate to agronomic performance, in crop species "improved" through lignin modification is critical for economic advancement of the forage and biofuels industries. Although still poorly understood, these mechanisms may also throw light on basal plant developmental and de...

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“…The few studies to date with lignin-modified GM birch and its ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. have produced only limited evidence of impacts (Seppanen et al, 2007;Sutela et al, 2009;Tiimonen et al, 2008).…”

Section: Possible Impacts Of Altered-lignin Gm Pines On Invertebrate mentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing risk hypotheses and selecting species for assessing non-target impacts of GM trees with novel traits: The case of altered-lignin pine trees

Malone

Todd

Burgess

et al. 2010

Environ. Biosafety Res.

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A procedure is presented for developing environmental risk hypotheses associated with the deployment of forest trees genetically modified to have altered wood properties and for selecting non-target species to test these hypotheses. Altered-lignin Pinus radiata trees intended for use in New Zealand are used as a hypothetical case study to illustrate our approach. Firstly, environmental management goals (such as wood production, flood control or preservation of biodiversity) were identified and linked to the forest attributes they require. Necessary conditions for each attribute were listed and appropriate assessment endpoints for them developed. For example, biological control of pests may be one condition necessary for a forest to have healthy trees, and the diversity and abundance of natural enemy species in the forest could be an appropriate assessment endpoint for measuring this condition. A conceptual model describing the relationships between an altered-lignin GM pine tree and potentially affected invertebrates and micro-organisms in a plantation forest was used to develop a set of risk hypotheses describing how the GM trees might affect each assessment endpoint. Because purified lignin does not represent the properties it imparts to wood, maximum hazard dose tests with non-target organisms, as are used to inform toxin risk assessment, cannot be conducted. Alternative experiments, based on current knowledge of the responses of organisms to lignin, must be designed. A screening method was adapted and applied to a database of invertebrate species known to inhabit New Zealand pine forests to identify and prioritize non-target invertebrate species that could be used as experimental subjects for examining these hypotheses. The screening model and its application are presented, along with a set of recommendations for pre-release tests with GM pines and potentially affected invertebrates and micro-organisms.

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Phenolic compounds in ectomycorrhizal interaction of lignin modified silver birch

Cited by 15 publications

References 85 publications

Inoculation with a Pb-tolerant strain of Paxillus involutus improves growth and Pb tolerance of Populus × canescens under in vitro conditions

Inoculation with a Pb-tolerant strain of Paxillus involutus improves growth and Pb tolerance of Populus × canescens under in vitro conditions

Monolignol Biosynthesis and its Genetic Manipulation: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Developing risk hypotheses and selecting species for assessing non-target impacts of GM trees with novel traits: The case of altered-lignin pine trees

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