Pb3(OH)2(CO3)2-Acetylene Black Composites for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Inhibition of Lead-Acid Batteries

Hu, J. F.; Yang, Fei; Lai, Changgan; Wang, Helin; Sun, Jun; Zhou, Huan‐Xiang; Lei, Lixu

doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ac797c

“…In order to address this problem, other materials are commonly investigated as additives in the NAM. These other materials are conductive ones (such as carbon black and acetylene black), , expanders (such as lignosulfonates), polysaccharide composite, and electric double layer capacitance (EDLC) materials , (like carbons in many forms such as activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, − and graphene − ). However, these materials are not exclusively incorporated into NAM, with other applications also being studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyaniline–Lead Composites as Inhibitors for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction, Relevant for Lead-Acid Batteries

Escanio,

S dos Santos,

M Natale

et al. 2024

J. Phys. Chem. C

0

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This work developed a composite of the conducting polymer polyaniline (PAni) with lead that has a high onset potential for hydrogen evolution in a high-concentration acid solution. The aim was to avoid hydrogen evolution from a carbon fiber current collector, considering its application in lead-acid batteries. In a 5 M H 2 SO 4 solution, the onset potential was as high as −0.75 V vs Ag/AgCl. The study revealed that the Pb 2+ ions strongly interact with the nitrogen present in the PAni structure. Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy gave an insight into how the interaction between lead ions and the nitrogen takes place, which is described schematically. This composite is stable and keeps the high onset potential, while Pb 2+ is associated with nitrogen, as evaluated in various potentials through chronoamperometry and cyclic voltammetry conditions. The Pb 2+ desorbs for potentials higher than −0.65 V vs Ag/AgCl and degrades the composite onset potential. The desorption was reversible as long as the PbSO 4 particles formed were nanometric and immersed in the PAni. Desorption for long periods forms large PbSO 4 particles; consequently, the reduction of these particles becomes difficult. Without Pb 2+ ions, it is not possible to restore the interaction between Pb 2+ and PAni. Besides XPS and Raman spectroscopy, the material characterization was performed by field emission gun scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The electrochemical characterization involved cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, galvanostatic charge−discharge cycles, and chronoamperometry.

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Shielding Fluoride Ion Basicity through Diurea Coordination for Nonaqueous Fluoride Shuttle Batteries

Wang,

Lei,

Liu

et al. 2024

Angewandte Chemie

0

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The strong basicity of fluoride ions leads to detrimental nucleophilic attack on organic components in the electrolytes, such as β‐hydrogen elimination reactions with organic cations and solvents, converting “naked” F− into corrosive and unstable bifluoride (HF2−) ions. These reactions significantly constrain the choice of suitable solvents and salts to develop electro(chemical) stable fluoride ion electrolytes. In this work, we replaced the triple water ligands typically present in industrial organic fluoride salts with dual 1,3‐diphenylurea (DPU) coordination via hydrogen bonding interaction. This modification successfully suppressed the Lewis basicity of fluoride ions, providing long‐term chemical stability (over 1000 hours) across a wide range of aprotic solvents, a broadened electrochemical stability window (‐2.5 ~ 0.9 V vs. Ag+/Ag) and high ionic conductivity (1.7 mS cm−1) at room temperature. Additionally, the weaker hydrogen bonding in F−‐DPU coordination, compared to the conventional boron‐based anion acceptor (AA) strategy that relies on intensive Lewis acid‐base interactions, facilitates faster (de)fluorination kinetics at the electrode. The proposed room temperature fluoride ion batteries sustain improved electrochemical performance by pairing with the Pb‐PbF2 anode and BiF3 or Ag cathode.

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Shielding Fluoride Ion Basicity through Diurea Coordination for Nonaqueous Fluoride Shuttle Batteries

Wang,

Lei,

Liu

et al. 2024

Angew Chem Int Ed

0

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The strong basicity of fluoride ions leads to detrimental nucleophilic attack on organic components in the electrolytes, such as β‐hydrogen elimination reactions with organic cations and solvents, converting “naked” F− into corrosive and unstable bifluoride (HF2−) ions. These reactions significantly constrain the choice of suitable solvents and salts to develop electro(chemical) stable fluoride ion electrolytes. In this work, we replaced the triple water ligands typically present in industrial organic fluoride salts with dual 1,3‐diphenylurea (DPU) coordination via hydrogen bonding interaction. This modification successfully suppressed the Lewis basicity of fluoride ions, providing long‐term chemical stability (over 1000 hours) across a wide range of aprotic solvents, a broadened electrochemical stability window (‐2.5 ~ 0.9 V vs. Ag+/Ag) and high ionic conductivity (1.7 mS cm−1) at room temperature. Additionally, the weaker hydrogen bonding in F−‐DPU coordination, compared to the conventional boron‐based anion acceptor (AA) strategy that relies on intensive Lewis acid‐base interactions, facilitates faster (de)fluorination kinetics at the electrode. The proposed room temperature fluoride ion batteries sustain improved electrochemical performance by pairing with the Pb‐PbF2 anode and BiF3 or Ag cathode.

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Pb₃(OH)₂(CO₃)₂-Acetylene Black Composites for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Inhibition of Lead-Acid Batteries

Cited by 6 publications

References 58 publications

Polyaniline–Lead Composites as Inhibitors for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction, Relevant for Lead-Acid Batteries

Polyaniline–Lead Composites as Inhibitors for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction, Relevant for Lead-Acid Batteries

Shielding Fluoride Ion Basicity through Diurea Coordination for Nonaqueous Fluoride Shuttle Batteries

Shielding Fluoride Ion Basicity through Diurea Coordination for Nonaqueous Fluoride Shuttle Batteries

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