PBDDs/Fs and PCDDs/Fs in the Raw and Clean Flue Gas during Steady State and Transient Operation of a Municipal Waste Combustor

Abstract

Concentrations of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and -dibenzofurans (PBDDs/Fs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and -dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs), were determined in the pre- and post-air pollution control system (APCS) flue gas of a municipal waste combustor (MWC). Operational transients of the combustor were found to considerably increase levels of PBDDs/Fs and PCDDs/Fs compared to steady state operation, both for the raw and clean flue gas; ΣPBDDs/Fs increased from 72.7 to 700 pg dscm(-1) in the raw, pre-APCS gas and from 1.45 to 9.53 pg dscm(-1) in the post-APCS flue gas; ΣPCDDs/Fs increased from 240 to 960 ng dscm(-1) in the pre-APCS flue gas, and from 1.52 to 16.0 ng dscm(-1) in the post-APCS flue gas. The homologue profile of PBDDs/Fs and PCDDs/Fs in the raw flue gas (steady state and transients) was dominated by hexa- and octa-isomers, while the clean flue gas homologue profile was enriched with tetra- and penta-isomers. The efficiency of the APCS for PBDD/F and PCDD/F removal was estimated as 98.5% and 98.7%, respectively. The cumulative TEQ(PCDD/F+PBDD/F) from the stack was dominated by PCDD/F: the TEQ of PBDD/F contributed less than 0.1% to total cumulative toxic equivalency of MWC stack emissions.

Case study of polychlorinated naphthalene emissions and factors influencing emission variations in secondary aluminum production

“…Previous studies have indicated that during industrial processes PCDD/F emissions change as the conditions change [32][33][34][35][36][37]. Studies on PCN emission variations in industrial processes are scarce.…”

“…AL1 and AL3 had the highest levels of PCN formation in the FD stage. Studies have indicated that PCDD/Fs can form during the unsteady state in industrial thermal processes [32,37]. At the FD stage, the raw materials melt as a result of fuel combustion.…”

Formation and emission of brominated dioxins and furans during secondary aluminum smelting processes

“…The Plant1 samples did not have the same congener pattern, the hepta-to octa-brominated PBDF congeners contributing far more than the tetra-to hexa-brominated PBDD/F congeners to the total 2,3,7,8-substituted PBDD/F concentrations. The most abundant congener in the Plant3 samples was OBDF, and the next most abundant were 1,2,3,4,6,7,OBDD,and 1,2,3,4,6,7, The PBDD/F congener profiles in samples from waste incinerators, secondary copper production plants, iron ore sintering plants, and electric arc furnaces (used to produce steel) have previously been found to be dominated by the more brominated PBDFs, particularly OBDF and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpBDF (Wang et al, 2010b;Wyrzykowska-Ceradini et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2015). The PBDD/F congener profiles in our SAl samples were similar to the profiles that have been found in samples from waste incinerators, secondary copper production plants, iron ore sintering plants, and electric arc furnaces, suggesting similar PBDD/F formation mechanisms occur in the processes performed in each of these types of plant.…”

Effect of Sodium Chloride and Thiourea on Pollutant Formation during Combustion of Plastics

“…The effects of chlorine content in waste on the formation mechanisms of polychlorinated pollutants, especially PCDD/Fs, have been studied by different authors [13][14][15]. When chlorine content in waste is less than 0.8-1.1%, chlorine can chlorinate the non-substituted phenol to produce chlorophenols, which are important precursors of PCDDs.…”