PCB Congener Patterns in Rats Consuming Diets Containing Great Lakes Salmon: Analysis of Fish, Diets, and Adipose Tissue

Jordan, Scott A.; Feeley, Mark

doi:10.1006/enrs.1998.3912

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…2a). The present analysis also is consistent with a uniform composition of the most abundant PCBs found at the higher trophic levels of the Great Lake food webs [19–21].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Estimating dioxin‐like polychlorinated biphenyl toxic equivalents from total polychlorinated biphenyl measurements in fish

Bhavsar

Hayton

Reiner

et al. 2007

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are 209 related compounds, a dozen of which are known as dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) and are among the most toxic PCBs. Polychlorinated biphenyls contribute to many adverse effects to human health, including cancer, and are a major cause of fish advisories in North America. It is a common perception that individual PCB compounds, especially dl-PCBs, rather than total PCB need to be quantified to predict the environmental hazard because of differences in their toxicity potential and distribution among various environmental matrices, including aquatic food webs. Because the current analytical methods for quantifying dl-PCBs are complex and four- to fivefold more expensive, limited fish samples are analyzed for dl-PCBs. Using what likely is the largest dl-PCB fish data set (n = 912) with a wide distribution of fish species (n = 22), size (19-112 cm), weight (100-14,300 g), sex (male:female, 51:49), and PCB contamination level (20-7,300 ng/g wet wt), we show that the comparatively less expensive and rapid measurements of total PCB in fish can be utilized to assess dl-PCB-related toxicological hazard, measured as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalents (TEQ). A regression equation of dl-PCB-related TEQ (i.e., TEQdl-PCB) to total PCB in fish is presented (TEQdi-PCB = [2.56 x 10(-5)]CtotalPCB, r = 0.89, p < 0.001). The regression was evaluated by applying it to three independent data sets of substantial sizes (n = 55, 141, and 176). The TEQdl-PCB estimated using the regression and total PCB measurements were within a reasonable factor of two to three of the TEQdl-PCB calculated from the dl-PCB measurements. The successful evaluation indicates versatility of the regression.

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“…2a). The present analysis also is consistent with a uniform composition of the most abundant PCBs found at the higher trophic levels of the Great Lake food webs [19–21].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Estimating dioxin‐like polychlorinated biphenyl toxic equivalents from total polychlorinated biphenyl measurements in fish

Bhavsar

Hayton

Reiner

et al. 2007

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…A regression analysis on log-transformed TEQ dl-PCB and C total PCB is shown in Figure 1b Figure 1 suggests a larger variation in observed TEQ dl-PCB at lower levels of total PCB (Ͻ110 ng/g wet wt). The present analysis also is consistent with a uniform composition of the most abundant PCBs found at the higher trophic levels of the Great Lake food webs [19][20][21]. To examine the impact of adopting half the detection limits for nondetected values on the regression (Eqn.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

Estimating dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl toxic equivalents from total polychlorinated biphenyl measurements in fish

Bhavsar¹,

Hayton²,

Reiner³

et al. 2007

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are 209 related compounds, a dozen of which are known as dioxin‐like PCBs (dl‐PCBs) and are among the most toxic PCBs. Polychlorinated biphenyls contribute to many adverse effects to human health, including cancer, and are a major cause of fish advisories in North America. It is a common perception that individual PCB compounds, especially dl‐PCBs, rather than total PCB need to be quantified to predict the environmental hazard because of differences in their toxicity potential and distribution among various environmental matrices, including aquatic food webs. Because the current analytical methods for quantifying dl‐PCBs are complex and four‐ to fivefold more expensive, limited fish samples are analyzed for dl‐PCBs. Using what likely is the largest dl‐PCB fish data set (n = 912) with a wide distribution of fish species (n = 22), size (19–112 cm), weight (100–14,300 g), sex (male:female, 51:49), and PCB contamination level (20‐7,300 ng/g wet wt), we show that the comparatively less expensive and rapid measurements of total PCB in fish can be utilized to assess dl‐PCB‐related toxicological hazard, measured as 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin toxic equivalents (TEQ). A regression equation of dl‐PCB‐related TEQ (i.e., TEQdl‐PCB) to total PCB in fish is presented (TEQdl‐PCB = [2.56 × 10−5]CtotalPCB, r = 0.89, p < 0.001). The regression was evaluated by applying it to three independent data sets of substantial sizes (n = 55, 141, and 176). The TEQdl‐PCB estimated using the regression and total PCB measurements were within a reasonable factor of two to three of the TEQdl‐PCB calculated from the dl‐PCB measurements. The successful evaluation indicates versatility of the regression.

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“…Wood mice in a United Kingdom study [40] contained a mean whole‐body PCB concentration ranging from 17 to 277 ng/g wet weight at a contaminated site and from less than 0.5 to 23 ng/g wet weight at the reference sites. The dominance of higher‐chlorinated PCB congeners in muscle tissue observed during the present study is similar to the distribution in adipose tissue from rats dosed with Aroclor 1254 [41] or that in fish from the Great Lakes (Canada) [42]. The absence of lower‐chlorinated PCBs may result from the ability of mice (similar to other mammalian species) to metabolize these congeners, or simply from their absence in the diet.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Genotoxicity in wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) along a pollution gradient: Exposure‐, age‐, and gender‐related effects

Scheirs

Coen

Beernaert

et al. 2006

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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We investigated the effects of environmental pollution on genetic damage in wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) by means of the comet assay, with special attention to the role of age and gender as potential confounding variables. The present study was carried out at four sites along a pollution gradient in the vicinity of Antwerp (Belgium), with a nonferrous smelter as the main pollution source. We measured the concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in mouse liver and kidney and the concentration of organochlorine compounds (polychlorinated biphenyls and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene) in mouse muscle tissue to assess individual exposure. Cadmium exposure was very high at the sites closest to the smelter, and exposure to this metal decreased with increasing distance from the smelter. Exposure to the other pollutants was low to moderate at the different sites. Genetic damage was higher in mice from populations in the vicinity of the nonferrous smelter compared with that in the control populations. A significant increase in genetic damage with age was observed at the most polluted sites, but not at the control sites. Genetic damage was higher in male mice than in female mice at the most polluted site, but not at the other areas. Yet, no obvious relationship was found between individual pollutant levels and individual genetic damage levels. We conclude that the comet assay can be used to compare genotoxicity at the population level if the confounding variables of gender and age are taken into account. However, its use for individual health risk assessment remains questionable.

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PCB Congener Patterns in Rats Consuming Diets Containing Great Lakes Salmon: Analysis of Fish, Diets, and Adipose Tissue

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

Estimating dioxin‐like polychlorinated biphenyl toxic equivalents from total polychlorinated biphenyl measurements in fish

Estimating dioxin‐like polychlorinated biphenyl toxic equivalents from total polychlorinated biphenyl measurements in fish

Estimating dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl toxic equivalents from total polychlorinated biphenyl measurements in fish

Genotoxicity in wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) along a pollution gradient: Exposure‐, age‐, and gender‐related effects

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