PCR-Based Detection and Genetic Characterization of Parainfluenza Virus 5 Detected in Pigs in Korea from 2016 to 2018

Abstract

This study applied a molecular-based method to detect parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) collected from 2016 to 2018 in nine provinces of Republic of Korea. We demonstrated that PIV5 was detectable in both serum and pooled organs at an average positive rate of 1.78% (99/5566). Among these, the complete genome sequence of 15,246 nucleotides was obtained for 12 field strains. Three out of the 12 strains had the lowest genetic identity (96.20–96.68%) among the 21 porcine PIV5 genomes collected in Germany, China, India, and Republic of Korea from 1998 to 2017. By analyzing a large collection of complete genome sequences of the structural protein-coding F and HN genes, this study proposed a classification of PIV5 into two lineages, 1 and 2, and identified that group 2.2.2 within sub-lineage 2.2 was substantially divergent. The evolution of two structural protein-coding genes was largely under purifying selection. A few codons (6/9 for the F gene, 7/8 for the HN gene) had elevated dN/dS values, which were loaded on internal branches and were predicted to be related to beneficial trait(s) of the virus.

Persistent paramyxovirus infections: in co-infections the parainfluenza virus type 5 persistent phenotype is dominant over the lytic phenotype

“…PIV5 (for a general review on the biology and molecular biology of PIV5 see [10]) is clearly a very successful virus, in that, unusually for most viruses, it readily crosses species barriers. It has been isolated from, and/or nucleotide sequences have been detected in, humans [11][12][13][14], monkeys [15][16][17], dogs [18], cattle [19,20], pigs [21][22][23][24][25], tigers [26,27], lesser panda [27] and pangolins [28], and there is some evidence that PIV5 may infect cats, hamsters, rats and guinea pigs [15]; a very OPEN ACCESS closely related virus, Alston virus, has also been isolated from an Australian pteropid bat colony [29]. However, despite the fact that PIV5 infections appear to be endemic in at least dogs, cattle, pigs and humans, its association with disease is not clear.…”