Peak bone mineral density in Vietnamese women

Abstract

SummaryThis cross-sectional study showed that peak bone mineral density in Vietnamese women is comparable to that in Caucasian women; however, the prevalence of osteoporosis in post-menopausal Vietnamese women was slightly higher than in Caucasian women. The age of achieving peak bone mass in Vietnamese women was between 26 and 30 years.IntroductionWhile peak bone mass and its determinants have been well-documented in Caucasian populations, little has been studied in Asian populations. The present study was designed to estimate the peak bone mineral density (BMD), age of its attainment, and to examine the prevalence of osteoporosis in Vietnamese women aged 50+.MethodsThe study was designed as a cross-sectional study with 328 women aged between 10 and 65 years (average age: 41) who were randomly selected from two districts around Hanoi city according to a stratified sampling scheme. BMD at the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip was measured by a DXA instrument (GE Lunar Prodigy, WI, USA). BMD was modeled as a cubic function of age, from which peak BMD and age at peak BMD were estimated. Bootstrap method was utilized to estimate the 95% confidence interval of peak BMD and age at peak BMD. From the peak BMD, T-score was calculated for each woman, and using the World Health Organization criteria, any woman with femoral neck BMD T-score ≤ -2.5 was classified as having osteoporosis.ResultsPeak BMD was estimated at 1.16 g/cm2 (standard deviation [SD]: 0.13 g/cm2) at the lumbar spine, 1.02 g/cm2 (SD 0.12) at the total hip, and 0.94 g/cm2 (SD 0.11) at the femoral neck. In the cubic polynomial model, the age at peak BMD was estimated to range between 27 and 29 years. The prevalence of osteoporosis among those aged between 50 and 65 years was 23%. This prevalence was higher than in Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Caucasian populations.ConclusionThese data suggest that although the peak BMD in Vietnamese women is comparable to, the prevalence of osteoporosis is higher than, in some other Asian and Caucasian women. It seems that osteoporosis is an important public health burden in Vietnam.

Smoking is a significant determinant of low serum vitamin D in young and middle-aged healthy males

“…25,26 However, the KNHANES study including 2504 males aged >20 years found that vitamin D deficiency was most prevalent in the age group of 20-29, with a rate of 65%, and least prevalent in the older age subgroups. 27 Our findings could be explained by increased prevalence of health-promoting physical activity in older subgroups, thus it is possible that they spend more time outdoors. Moreover, age is positively linked to the daily dietary intakes of vitamin D. 23 Our data demonstrated no correlation between BMI and 25(OH)D concentration.…”

Mechanisms and implications of bone adipose tissue-mineral relationships

“…Second, since DXA scanning is a two-dimensional process the amount of bone mineral is expressed in relation to a projected bone area (areal density (areal BMD); g/cm 2 ), from which the total mineral content (BMC) of the bone or region of interest can be calculated (BMC ¼ areal BMD Â bone projected area). Some studies have chosen to use only areal BMD 8,11,13 to report their results, as in the study of Shen et al,…”

“…It also varies according to the type of bone [8][9][10] and even region within the same bone. [8][9][10] Peak bone mass of the lumbar spine has generally been reported to occur at 20-40 years [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] but at the femoral neck, it has often been reported to occur earlier at around 20 years or even earlier. [8][9][10] There appears to be little information about age of the peak bone mass of the pelvis.…”

Sex hormone levels as determinants of bone mineral density and osteoporosis in Vietnamese women and men

“…Bone mineral density (BMD) in men is decreased by age and is also a major determinant of fracture risk [3,4]. We previously reported a prevalence of osteoporosis in Vietnamese women of similar magnitude as in Caucasian women [5]. In a recent cross-sectional study, we found a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency not only in women but also in men from northern Vietnam [6].…”

“…The femoral neck BMD and the total hip BMD used in the analysis were estimated from the right side. Estimates of peak BMD were based on bootstrap analysis of BMD in 118 women and 116 men in the age group 13-49 years [5]. From the peak BMD, the T score, which is the number of standard deviations from the peak BMD, was calculated for each individual in the study sample.…”