Peak-Shift Technique in Gas-Liquid Chromatography : Trimethylsilyl Ether Derivatives of Alcohols

Langer, Stanley H.; Pantages, Peter

doi:10.1038/191141a0

Cited by 29 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Enzymes often rely on the coupling of electrons and protons to control charge transport and catalysis [87]. In biological energy storage, the importance of proton translocation driven by electron transfer was first noted in 1961 [89], and since then, proton-coupled electron transfer mechanisms [90] have been shown to underlie amino acid radical generation and transport [91] along with the activation of most substrate bonds at enzyme-active sites [92].…”

Section: Enzyme Catalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The future of quantum biology

Marais

Adams

Ringsmuth

et al. 2018

J. R. Soc. Interface.

201

155

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Biological systems are dynamical, constantly exchanging energy and matter with the environment in order to maintain the non-equilibrium state synonymous with living. Developments in observational techniques have allowed us to study biological dynamics on increasingly small scales. Such studies have revealed evidence of quantum mechanical effects, which cannot be accounted for by classical physics, in a range of biological processes. Quantum biology is the study of such processes, and here we provide an outline of the current state of the field, as well as insights into future directions.

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Section: Enzyme Catalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The future of quantum biology

Marais

Adams

Ringsmuth

et al. 2018

J. R. Soc. Interface.

201

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This 'peak-shift technique' (Langer & Pantages, 1961) has received much attention in recent years (Brochmann-Hanssen & Svendsen, 1962 ;Anders & Mannering, 1962;Brooks & Horning, 1964;Vanden Heuvel, Gardiner & Horning, 1964;Capella & Horning, 1966;and others). To be of value a derivative must be formed easily and in good yield, and have a retention Noirfalise, 1966 ;zNoirfalise, 1965zNoirfalise, , 19663Waldi, 1964;<Debackere & Massart-Leen, 1965 ;sMoerman, 1964;OBaumler & others, 1964.…”

Section: Stage 2 : Confirmationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Routine detection and identification in urine of stimulants and other drugs, some of which may be used to modify performance in sport

Beckett

Tucker

Moffat

1967

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

186

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A general procedure for the analysis in urine of basic drugs (and their metabolites), some of which may be misused as stimulants in sport, has been developed. The techniques used include gas-liquid and thin-layer chromatography and linked gasliquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. It is recommended that international control of drug-taking in sport be based primarily upon urine analysis by gas-liquid chromatography systems and also derivative formation followed by gas-liquid chromatography. The principles outlined in the procedure can be applied in a much wider forensic context.

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“…The use of derivatized compound structures for retention time prediction may be possible in other samples. These trends have been explored for many years (Clayton, 1961a,b;Langer & Pantages, 1961), and previously published information may be applicable to derivatization/GC×GC/TOF-MS.…”

Section: Compoundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward the Complete Characterization of Atmospheric Organic Particulate Matter: Derivatization and Two-Dimensional Comprehensive Gas Chromatography/Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry as a Method for the Determination of Carboxylic Acids

Boris¹

2000

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Understanding the composition of atmospheric organic particulate matter (OPM) is essential for predicting its effects on climate, air quality, and health. However, the polar oxygenated fraction (PO-OPM), which includes a significant mass contribution from carboxylic acids, is difficult to speciate and quantitatively determine by current analytical methods such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The method of chemical derivatization and two-dimensional GC with time of flight MS (GC×GC/TOF-MS) was examined in this study for its efficacy in: 1) quantifying a high percentage of the total organic carbon (TOC) mass of a sample containing PO-OPM; 2) quantitatively determining PO-OPM components including carboxylic acids at atmospherically relevant concentrations; and 3) tentatively identifying PO-OPM components. Two derivatization reagent systems were used in this study: BF 3 /butanol for the butylation of carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and acidic ketones, and BSTFA for the trimethylsilylation (TMS) of carboxylic acids and alcohols. Three α-pinene ozonolysis OPM filter samples and a set of background filter samples were collected by collaborators in a University of California, Riverside environmental chamber. Derivatization/GC×GC TOF-MS was used to tentatively identify some previously unidentified α-pinene ozonolysis products, and also to show the characteristics of all oxidation products determined. Derivatization efficiencies as measured were 40-70% for most butyl derivatives, and 50-58% for most trimethylsilyl derivatives. A thermal optical method was used to measure the TOC on each filter, and a value of the TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………………………………………………………………………………...i Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………...iii List of Tables………………………………………………………………………....vii List of Figures…………………………………………………………………….….viii List of Reaction Schemes……………………………………………………….…….ix List of Abbreviations and Symbols……………………………………………...….…x List of Equations………………………………………………………………….….xiii 1 Introduction .

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Peak-Shift Technique in Gas-Liquid Chromatography : Trimethylsilyl Ether Derivatives of Alcohols

Cited by 29 publications

References 9 publications

The future of quantum biology

The future of quantum biology

Routine detection and identification in urine of stimulants and other drugs, some of which may be used to modify performance in sport

Toward the Complete Characterization of Atmospheric Organic Particulate Matter: Derivatization and Two-Dimensional Comprehensive Gas Chromatography/Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry as a Method for the Determination of Carboxylic Acids

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