Pebble fabrication and tritium release properties of an advanced tritium breeder

Hoshino, Tsuyoshi; Edao, Yuki; Kawamura, Y.; Ochiai, Kentaro

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.01.012

Cited by 40 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The porous areas marked in Figure 5 by points 3-5, according to the elemental analysis data, contained a higher oxygen content of 80-82%, which indicates that degradation occurs due to the formation of porous inclusions containing a high oxygen concentration. When ceramics react with a solution of sulfuric acid, the following chemical reactions (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) analysis shows, no titanium oxides were detected on the samples, thus most likely only 20% sulfuric acid is not sufficient for 4,5 reactions to take place in the case of Li2TiO3 and reaction 8 in the case of LiTiO2. Thus, etching occurs, followed by destruction of the particles under the influence of acid.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most energetically advantageous nuclear reaction for lithium accumulation is 6 Li+n→ 4 He+T+4. 8 MeV reaction, which allows not only the obtaining of tritium, but also the generation of a large amount of energy [1][2][3]. One of the most promising materials for such reactions are lithium-containing ceramics such as Li 2 TiO 3 , Li 4 SiO 4 , Li 2 ZrO 3 , etc., which not only have good mechanical properties, but also contain a large amount of lithium [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of Corrosion Resistance and Degradation Mechanisms in LiTiO2-Li2TiO3 Ceramic

2021

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The interest in lithium-containing ceramics is due to their huge potential as blanket materials for thermonuclear reactors for the accumulation of tritium. However, an important factor in their use is the preservation of the stability of their strength and structural properties when under the influence of external factors that determine the time frame of their operation. This paper presents the results of a study that investigated the influence of the LiTiO2 phase on the increasing resistance to degradation and corrosion of Li2TiO3 ceramic when exposed to aggressive acidic media. Using the X-ray diffraction method, it was found that an increase in the concentration of LiClO4·3H2O during synthesis leads to the formation of a cubic LiTiO2 phase in the structure as a result of thermal sintering of the samples. During corrosion tests, it was found that the presence of the LiTiO2 phase leads to a decrease in the degradation rate in acidic media by 20–70%, depending on the concentration of the phase. At the same time, and in contrast to the samples of Li2TiO3 ceramics, for which the mechanisms of degradation during a long stay in aggressive media are accompanied by large mass losses, for the samples containing the LiTiO2 phase, the main degradation mechanism is pitting corrosion with the formation of pitting inclusions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Corrosion Resistance and Degradation Mechanisms in LiTiO2-Li2TiO3 Ceramic

2021

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“…In a fusion blanket, humidity in a breeding zone may be increased by tritium production and substantial release of HTO gas from the pebbles, although the main form was not HTO but HT in the previous DT neutron irradiation test of the Li2.13TiO3+y pebbles. 42 As a blanket environment is in a non-equilibrium regime, further investigations are needed to understand mass transfer properties and its interaction with tritium release from the breeder pebbles.…”

Section: Evaluation Of LI Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium Vapor Chemistry of Hyper-Stoichiometric Lithium Metatitanate Li_2.12(2)TiO_3+y

2020

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Developing a better ceramic breeder (Li-containing oxide) is a key challenge for realizing fuel-self-sufficient fusion reactors. Ceramic breeder pebbles of hyper-stoichiometric lithium metatitanate, Li2+xTiO3+y (Li/Ti > 2), have been developed for a demonstration fusion reactor as high Li density enhances fuel tritium production. Previous studies have reported that Li loss by vaporization at high temperatures was largely enhanced by the increase in Li/Ti ratio and environmental moisture concentration. Minimizing the Li loss is a key issue for sufficient tritium breeding and reduced corrosion of structural steel. However, a suitable environmental parameter for hyper-stoichiometric Li2+xTiO3+y pebbles has not yet been determined because of unavailability of thermodynamic data. Herein, a solid/gas equilibria for Li2.12(2)TiO3+y was investigated by measuring vapor pressures using atmosphere controllable Knudsen cell high temperature mass spectrometry. The enhanced thermodynamic activities of Li and Li2O in Li2.12(2)TiO3+y in comparison with those in stoichiometric Li2TiO3 were obtained as functions of temperature and oxygen concentration. The equilibrium constants were used to achieve the optimum moisture concentration that can suppress the vapor reactions in a cylindrical breeding zone with inhomogeneous temperature distribution.Li 2.12(2) TiO 3+y L i ( g ) L i O H ( g )

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“…However, the overall performance of conventional lithium ceramics (i.e. Li [7][8][9], mixed-phase ceramics represented by Li 2 TiO 3 /Li 4 SiO 4 [10][11][12][13], oxides modified ceramics [14][15][16] and hetero-element doped ceramics (notably Li 4+x Si 1-x Al x O 4 ) were prepared in recent years [17][18][19][20]. And previous studies have shown that Al doped lithium orthosilicate exhibits the enhanced crushing strength [17,19,20], thermal and ionic conductivity [17,[20][21][22], and tritium release performance [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Study on Li4si1-xtixo4 Ceramics for Advanced Tritium Breeders

Gong

Liu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Hetero-elements doped lithium orthosilicate has been considered as advanced tritium breeders due to its superior performances. In this work, Li4Si1-xTixO4 ceramics were prepared by proprietary hydrothermal process and multistage sintering. The reaction mechanism of Li4Si1-xTixO4 was put forward. XRD and SEM analyses indicate that insertion of Ti leads to lattice expansion, enhances the sinterability and changes the fracture mode. The compressive tests show that the crush load increases almost four times by increasing x from 0 to 0.2. However, the thermal conductivity and ionic conductivity are the best when x=0.05 and x=0.1, respectively. Thermal cycling stability of Li4Si1-xTixO4 pebbles was further appraised through investigating the changes of microstructure and crush load. After undergoing thermal cycling, the Li4Si1-xTixO4 still show higher crush load compared with Li4SiO4, despite Ti segregation in some samples. The x=0.05 sample exhibits excellent thermal cycling stability. To be sure, Ti doping improves the overall performance of Li4SiO4.

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Pebble fabrication and tritium release properties of an advanced tritium breeder

Cited by 40 publications

References 19 publications

Study of Corrosion Resistance and Degradation Mechanisms in LiTiO2-Li2TiO3 Ceramic

Study of Corrosion Resistance and Degradation Mechanisms in LiTiO2-Li2TiO3 Ceramic

Lithium Vapor Chemistry of Hyper-Stoichiometric Lithium Metatitanate Li_2.12(2)TiO_3+y

A Comprehensive Study on Li4si1-xtixo4 Ceramics for Advanced Tritium Breeders

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Pebble fabrication and tritium release properties of an advanced tritium breeder

Cited by 40 publications

References 19 publications

Study of Corrosion Resistance and Degradation Mechanisms in LiTiO2-Li2TiO3 Ceramic

Study of Corrosion Resistance and Degradation Mechanisms in LiTiO2-Li2TiO3 Ceramic

Lithium Vapor Chemistry of Hyper-Stoichiometric Lithium Metatitanate Li2.12(2)TiO3+y

A Comprehensive Study on Li4si1-xtixo4 Ceramics for Advanced Tritium Breeders

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Lithium Vapor Chemistry of Hyper-Stoichiometric Lithium Metatitanate Li_2.12(2)TiO_3+y