Peculiarities of erosion-corrosion processes

Microstructural and fracture analysis of aged cast duplex steel

“…20% increase in hardness related to precipitation processes in the ferrite, simultaneous with a few-times decrease in impact energy. 4. Fractographic examinations have shown that fractures of specimens of cast steel with low carbon content are typical ductile transcrystalline micromechanism.…”

“…As observed in literature and shown in numerous advertising materials of casting companies this is promoted by the trend to increase the carbon content above the value most often presented in standards (C max = 0.03%). Higher carbon content facilitates the handling of metallurgical process (in particular, in casting shops which do not have secondary metallurgy) and has a favourable effect on erosion resistance of duplex cast steels [3,4]. However, an increased carbon content creates qualitative problems related both to the solidification course and processes during cooling of the casing in the solid state described in detail in [5,6].…”

Erosion–corrosion and synergistic effects in disturbed liquid-particle flow

“…4,5 Synergism was not well quantified or clearly understood in the past because of the lack of detailed knowledge of the separate kinetics of pure erosion and pure corrosion. 6 There are very few studies in which synergism was quantified; [6][7][8][9][10] however, most of the work was carried out using jet impingement apparatus or rotating cylinder electrode systems in which the flow patterns or hydrodynamics are very different from reality 11 making it difficult to transfer the results to large scale pipeline systems. Very little work was done using more realistic systems such as flow loops.…”