Peculiarities of Ethylene Polymerization Reactions with Heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta Catalysts: Kinetic Analysis

Ethylene Polymerization Kinetics with a Heterogeneous Metallocene Catalyst – Comparison of Gas and Slurry Phases

“…Kissin [3,27,28] developed a kinetic model for ethylene polymerizations with Ziegler-Natta catalysts including hydrogen and the co-monomer effect. The titanium site in his model is activated after a reversible reaction with ethylene.…”

Active centers in Ziegler–Natta catalysts: Formation kinetics and structure

“…Kinetic analysis of the polymerization reactions is complicated because all the Ti-based catalysts contain several types of C ⁄ , which are generated and decay at different rates [7,16,17,19]. Table 1 gives examples of polymer components produced by different types of C ⁄ in the SC-1AAl(C 2 H 5 ) 3 system at different temperatures.…”

“…This correlation was observed in polymerization reactions both in the slurry and in the gas phase [19,25]. Eq.…”

“…These measurements produced kinetic data in the coordinates ''polymer yield (g) vs. time''. Conversion of these data into ''R vs. time'' plots was carried out using the Mathematica program, as described earlier [19].…”

“…11 shows the effect of two 1-alkenes, 1-hexene and 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene, in ethylene polymerization reactions with SC-2AAl(CH 3 ) 3 system at 70°C at the same low P E . The experimental kinetic data were collected in the coordinates ''ethylene consumption vs. time'' and then recalculated in the coordinates ''R vs. time'' [19,23]. 1-Hexene, a monomer that readily copolymerizes with ethylene, exhibits the rate-accelerating effect, whereas 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene, which copolymerizes with ethylene extremely poorly [31], does not accelerate the C ⁄ formation process at all.…”