Peculiarities of Sponsorship in Professional Road Cycling

Lagae, Wim

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22312-4_5

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

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“…During this period, 534 teams were registered in the first three world divisions. Mostly, cycling teams are also known as “trade teams,” or in French “groupes sportifs,” by UCI are enterprises who take their mains sponsors’ names . For example, the French team AG2R is operated by the trade team France Cyclisme.…”

Section: Objective Of This Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

The team effect on doping in professional male road cycling (2005‐2016)

Aubel

Lefèvre

Goff

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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This article questions organizations’ (clubs, teams, etc) responsibility in doping use from the case of anti‐doping rules violations (ADRVs) sanctioned by the Union Cycliste Internationale in professional cycling. We built a database with 271 caught riders among 10 551 professional riders employed from 2005 to 2016 in the three first world divisions. We developed a time‐discrete event history model with a multilevel perspective to consider if the ADRV is related to the characteristic of a rider's career path (level 1) and/or the team by which the rider is employed (level 2). Our results confirm two hypotheses: Beginning a career before 2005 or after the age of 22 increased the risk of being caught. Each additional year in the pack increased the risk, despite the fact that a sanctioned rider's career duration average is 7.8 years (3.9 for the others). These caught riders have experienced a more tumultuous career with team changes and an interrupted path. A 2.45 Median Odds Ratio led us to assert a team effect on ADRV. By a team residual effect calculation, we identify 17 teams with a significant effect within the 129 that experienced an ADRV. Our results allow us to emphasize that to understand doping we must take into account work and employment condition, as well as team's organization. This approach completes the dominant “methodological individualism” perspective that considers athletes as analytical units and provides guidelines to the anti‐doping bodies that focus their action on individuals.

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Section: Objective Of This Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

The team effect on doping in professional male road cycling (2005‐2016)

Aubel

Lefèvre

Goff

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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The making of the Tour de France cycling race as a tourist attraction

Varnajot

2020

World Leisure Journal

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The Tour de France (TDF) cycling race has become the world's biggest annual sporting event. Every July, it attracts approximately 11 million tourists along the roadsides of France, as well as several millions of TV spectators worldwide. Using MacCannell's sight sacralization process, this study examines the gradual development of the TDF as a major economic tourist attraction. By deconstructing how the TDF became a tourist attraction, the goal of this article is to reveal economic and sustainability implications for communities in hosting such a mega event. The article suggests that the TDF, both as a sporting event and a top tourist attraction, represents an opportunity for local development and economies in the form of shortterm peaks in hospitality, direct financial benefits, as well as in the promotion of cycling as a sustainable means of transportation. The study also explores how challenging hosting a stage of the TDF can become in terms of environmental sustainability for remote and rural communities. KeywordsTour de France; sport tourism; bicycle tourism; community development; economic development. Introduction -a prologue from inside the first stage of the 2018 editionSaturday July 7th, 2018, 5:00 am. My brother and I, as well as several thousands of cycling enthusiasts, are driving towards the island of Noirmoutier, on the French Atlantic coast, for the launch of the world's biggest annual sporting event. The Grand Départ (Big Start) of the 105th edition of the TDF cycling race is going to occur in six hours. Every July, the race starts from a different city. Nevertheless, the location of the Grand Départ's hosting city does not matter, since every July the same ritual happens for thousands of cycling enthusiasts: a pilgrimage towards the start of the world's most popular cycling race. The closer we get to Noirmoutier, the more we find ourselves surrounded by other aficionados, coming by car, bike, or RV, alone, with friends or family, from France or abroad. After an hour of driving, there we are, amid the bustle that generates the TDF. All around are swarms of supporters from different countries, waving flags, and also journalists, teams' members, sponsors, and official representatives, as well as members from the various companies that work for the TDF. This is a hive of activity and part of the excitement. This enthusiasm also springs from memories from our childhood, when our parents took us to the Pyrénées almost every year in our family RV, so we could assist the mountain stages and support the riders that were at the time our heroes. The excitement from the tumult of such a sporting event combined with the reminiscence of childhood memories led to an intense passion for the TDF and cycling in general. About twenty minutes prior to the long-awaited start, the first riders are lining-up under the departure arch (Figure 1). Similarly, the first journalists with their cameras are approaching, getting ready for the live broadcast. We are situated right next to that arch, front row behind the fences; ...

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