“…On the other hand, many applications presume the ability to correctly interpret the beliefs, motives and intentions underlying human behavior (such as tutoring systems, dialogue systems, mixed-initiative planning systems, or systems that learn from observation) and could benefit from a model of how emotion motivates action, distorts perception and inference, and communicates information about mental state. Emotions play a powerful role in social influence, a better understanding of which would benefit applications that attempt to shape human behavior, such as psychotherapy applications (Marsella, Johnson, & LaBore, 2000;Rothbaum et al, 1999), tutoring systems (Lester, Stone, & Stelling, 1999;Ryokai, Vaucelle, & Cassell, in press;Shaw, Johnson, & Ganeshan, 1999), and marketing applications (André, Rist, Mulken, & Klesen, 2000;Cassell, Bickmore, Campbell, Vilhjálmsson, & Yan, 2000). Lastly, models of emotion may give insight into building models of intelligent behavior in general.…”