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Концептуальные позиции и следствия семиотической диагностики (сформулированные И.В. Мелик-Гайказян) инициировали разного рода запросы на проведение эмпирического исследования, связанного с изменениями педагогических контекстов в системе отечественного высшего медицинского образования. Идея предпринятого изыскания сводится к «обратному отражению» исследовательской программы педагогической биоэтики, инициирующей внедрение прагматики подготовки будущих врачей в синтаксис учебных программ будущих учителей. «Обратным отражением» является нахождение способа внедрения фокусировок педагогической биоэтики в семантику учебных курсов в системе высшего медицинского образования (ВМО). Релевантным выбор такого «зеркала» делает анализ новаций в практиках медицинского образования, вбирающих палитру ролевого репертуара современного врача, а саму эту палитру сделала легитимной биоэтика. Таким образом, целью статьи, представляющей результаты эмпирического исследования, является обоснование видения направлений, характера и содержания изменений в действующей системе ВМО. Выяснены причины запроса на обновление смысловых фокусировок, обусловливающих преобразования педагогических характеристик отечественной системы ВМО. Приведены данные эмпирического исследования, доказывающие актуальность такого преобразования как на уровне управления вузами, осуществляющими программы высшего медицинского образования, так и на уровне обновления повестки научно-педагогических исследований в данной сфере образования. Статья содержит материалы междисциплинарных научных и проектных разработок авторского коллектива исследователей двух вузов: Сибирского государственного медицинского университета и Томского государственного педагогического университета. Данная коллаборация стала возможной в рамках реализации стратегического проекта «Трансформация медицинского и фармацевтического образования» программы развития Сибирского государственного медицинского университета на 2021–2030 годы (Приоритет – 2030). Зафиксирована актуальность восполнения дефицита семиотических исследований как для решения задач управления вузами, осуществляющими программы ВМО, так и для решения задач научно-педагогических изысканий в данной сфере образования. Сформулированы основные направления необходимых изменений отечественных практик ВМО. The article contains materials of interdisciplinary scientific and design developments of the authors’ research team of two universities in Tomsk – Siberian State Medical University (SSMU) and Tomsk State Pedagogical University (TSPU) within the framework of the Transformation of Medical and Pharmaceutical Education strategic project from the Siberian State Medical University Development Program for 2021–2030 (Priority–2030). The data of an empirical study are presented, showing the relevance of such a change both at the level of management of universities implementing programs of higher medical education and at the level of updating of the agenda of scientific and pedagogical research in this field of education. The methods used in writing the article are: theoretical analysis, structural analysis, expert method, survey, focus group, and pedagogical design with modeling elements. The conception of the empirical study was based on three ideas. The first one was the statement of the need to make an “anthropological turn“ in the field of modern Russian pedagogical theories (Aleksandr Asmolov). Since it is bioethics that is implementing this “turn” in healthcare practice, the second idea was the semiotic diagnostics of sociocultural transformations, which established the identity of the spectrum of communicative formats doctor–patient and teacher–student (Irina Melik-Gaykazyan). This gave rise to the third idea – pedagogical bioethics (in the interpretation of Nina Pervushina) – the introduction of the pragmatics of training future doctors into the syntax of the curriculum of future teachers. Thus, the concept of our empirical research is similar to the ideological “boomerang“ of the semiotic essence of pedagogical bioethics – the design of changes in the semantics of training courses in the domestic system of higher medical education. The article aims to provide a reasonable idea of the directions, nature, and content of changes in Russia’s current system of higher medical education in relation to its pedagogical contexts. The reasons for the emergence of new semantic focal points determining the changes in the pedagogical features of the domestic system of higher medical education are discussed. As a source of enrichment of ideas about the meaning and the ways of transformation of pedagogical aspects of the future doctors training, the results of an analysis of Russian and international practices of medical education related to the identification of the repertoire of roles of a modern doctor are presented. New accents of teachers’ professional activity, related to adaptation to changes in education, in higher medical education in Russia are also pointed out. The actual contexts of changes in professional activity and in professional development of a lecturer in higher medical education as a source of enrichment for the modern agenda (new subject matter) of scientific and pedagogical research are indicated. The viewpoint of considering modern medical higher education in the pedagogical presentation of humanistic values, including aspects of pedagogical bioethics, is presented.
Концептуальные позиции и следствия семиотической диагностики (сформулированные И.В. Мелик-Гайказян) инициировали разного рода запросы на проведение эмпирического исследования, связанного с изменениями педагогических контекстов в системе отечественного высшего медицинского образования. Идея предпринятого изыскания сводится к «обратному отражению» исследовательской программы педагогической биоэтики, инициирующей внедрение прагматики подготовки будущих врачей в синтаксис учебных программ будущих учителей. «Обратным отражением» является нахождение способа внедрения фокусировок педагогической биоэтики в семантику учебных курсов в системе высшего медицинского образования (ВМО). Релевантным выбор такого «зеркала» делает анализ новаций в практиках медицинского образования, вбирающих палитру ролевого репертуара современного врача, а саму эту палитру сделала легитимной биоэтика. Таким образом, целью статьи, представляющей результаты эмпирического исследования, является обоснование видения направлений, характера и содержания изменений в действующей системе ВМО. Выяснены причины запроса на обновление смысловых фокусировок, обусловливающих преобразования педагогических характеристик отечественной системы ВМО. Приведены данные эмпирического исследования, доказывающие актуальность такого преобразования как на уровне управления вузами, осуществляющими программы высшего медицинского образования, так и на уровне обновления повестки научно-педагогических исследований в данной сфере образования. Статья содержит материалы междисциплинарных научных и проектных разработок авторского коллектива исследователей двух вузов: Сибирского государственного медицинского университета и Томского государственного педагогического университета. Данная коллаборация стала возможной в рамках реализации стратегического проекта «Трансформация медицинского и фармацевтического образования» программы развития Сибирского государственного медицинского университета на 2021–2030 годы (Приоритет – 2030). Зафиксирована актуальность восполнения дефицита семиотических исследований как для решения задач управления вузами, осуществляющими программы ВМО, так и для решения задач научно-педагогических изысканий в данной сфере образования. Сформулированы основные направления необходимых изменений отечественных практик ВМО. The article contains materials of interdisciplinary scientific and design developments of the authors’ research team of two universities in Tomsk – Siberian State Medical University (SSMU) and Tomsk State Pedagogical University (TSPU) within the framework of the Transformation of Medical and Pharmaceutical Education strategic project from the Siberian State Medical University Development Program for 2021–2030 (Priority–2030). The data of an empirical study are presented, showing the relevance of such a change both at the level of management of universities implementing programs of higher medical education and at the level of updating of the agenda of scientific and pedagogical research in this field of education. The methods used in writing the article are: theoretical analysis, structural analysis, expert method, survey, focus group, and pedagogical design with modeling elements. The conception of the empirical study was based on three ideas. The first one was the statement of the need to make an “anthropological turn“ in the field of modern Russian pedagogical theories (Aleksandr Asmolov). Since it is bioethics that is implementing this “turn” in healthcare practice, the second idea was the semiotic diagnostics of sociocultural transformations, which established the identity of the spectrum of communicative formats doctor–patient and teacher–student (Irina Melik-Gaykazyan). This gave rise to the third idea – pedagogical bioethics (in the interpretation of Nina Pervushina) – the introduction of the pragmatics of training future doctors into the syntax of the curriculum of future teachers. Thus, the concept of our empirical research is similar to the ideological “boomerang“ of the semiotic essence of pedagogical bioethics – the design of changes in the semantics of training courses in the domestic system of higher medical education. The article aims to provide a reasonable idea of the directions, nature, and content of changes in Russia’s current system of higher medical education in relation to its pedagogical contexts. The reasons for the emergence of new semantic focal points determining the changes in the pedagogical features of the domestic system of higher medical education are discussed. As a source of enrichment of ideas about the meaning and the ways of transformation of pedagogical aspects of the future doctors training, the results of an analysis of Russian and international practices of medical education related to the identification of the repertoire of roles of a modern doctor are presented. New accents of teachers’ professional activity, related to adaptation to changes in education, in higher medical education in Russia are also pointed out. The actual contexts of changes in professional activity and in professional development of a lecturer in higher medical education as a source of enrichment for the modern agenda (new subject matter) of scientific and pedagogical research are indicated. The viewpoint of considering modern medical higher education in the pedagogical presentation of humanistic values, including aspects of pedagogical bioethics, is presented.
Астигматизм – именование такого изъяна зрения, при котором, в частности, круглый предмет воспринимается как овальный. Если круглый предмет в данном случае понимать в качестве факта действительности, а овальный – в качестве итога восприятия реальности, то это расхождение действительности и реальности фиксирует область применения оригинальных процедур семиотической диагностики. Категориальное различие действительности, реальности (и бытия) восходит к философии процесса А. Н. Уайтхеда, являющейся основой реализуемой в нашем исследовании семиотической диагностики. В статье изложены обстоятельства, обеспечившие постановку задачи, и методы, реализованные в пилотном исследовании для корректировки как самой задачи, так и процедур диагностики, а также для восполнения нормы тех деформаций в подготовке будущих учителей, которые были «приобретены» при цифровизации образования в период пандемии. Релевантность процедур семиотической диагностики поиску ответов на поставленный исследовательский вопрос подтверждает то, что было выявлено обстоятельство, которое ускользало от применения иной оптики при обсуждении в научной литературе эффектов цифровизации образования. Впервые выявленным дефектом цифровизации отечественного образования стал разрыв коммуникации студент–студент. Этот дефект, как установлено в пилотном исследовании, вызывает последствия: отсутствие понимания сути командной работы, лидерства, профессиональной конкуренции и этических принципов коммуникации субъект–субъект. Авторы убеждены, что публикация промежуточных результатов оправдана значением полученного результата семиотической диагностики. The specificity of the task — diagnostics — makes it justified to resort to medical terminology. At the same time, the semiotic nature of this diagnostics justifies an appeal to the etymology of some medical terms, which goes back to ancient myths. Astigmatism is a diagnosis of such a deviation from the norm of vision, one of the symptoms of which is the perception of a circle as an oval. The reason for this deviation from the norm is the syndrome of the defective crystalline lens of the eye, leading to focusing features. Here, a chain of associations may arise, caused by the plots of the myth. In the ancient Greek version, Hestia was the keeper of the hearth, and the hearth was the pivot of the fire which, in the Roman version, was called “focus”. Hestia is present by her name and purpose in yet another medical term: the gestational period. This term denotes (formerly more often, now rarer) the state of pregnancy. This chain of associations serves to set the problem: to find a way to diagnose the consequences of the forced digitalization of teacher education during the pandemic. In other words, the search for an answer to the question: does the stay of a future teacher in the “belly” of a pedagogical university during the gestational period, passing with “complications”, require measures to replenish the norm of a specialist “born” by the university? Or, does digitalization burden the anamnesis of a future teacher? The procedures of the diagnostics themselves are based on the symptom/semantics, syndrome/syntactics, anamnesis/pragmatics correspondence. The listed correspondence is included in the operationalization of the basic concepts of the questionnaires. Two groups are selected for the pilot survey of students. The first group (I) includes the students for whom the period of total digitalization included the entire last year at high school and the first semester at the university. The second group of students (II) consists of those for whom total digitalization occurred during the third and fourth years of the university program. This selection fixes the extreme positions (I and II) in the distribution of digitalization by significant stages in the curriculum. In full-time mode, a survey of lecturers and teachers working with contingents of student groups (I and II) has been conducted on specially formulated points to find out the pros and cons of the digitalization of education; confirmation or refutation of the hypothesis of the authors of the article about the norm deformation. The pilot survey involves 60 students and 12 of their teachers. The article gives a general description of the survey tools. The questionnaire for surveying students combines verbal and visual methods of diagnostics. Teachers record the transformation of the norm, associated with only two aspects: a decrease in the quality of education and student-teacher communication. The relevance of the procedures of the semiotic diagnostics to the search for answers to the research question posed is confirmed by the revealed circumstance which was eluding under the use of different optics when the effects of education digitalization were discussed in the scientific literature. For the first time, the identified defect in the digitalization of education is the gap in student-student communication. This defect has consequences also established on the basis of the application of semiotic diagnostics procedures. Among these consequences, there is the lack of understanding of the essence of teamwork, leadership, professional competition and ethical principles of subject-subject communication. Such an effect of “educating Robinson Crusoe” does not correspond well to the competencies of a teacher. In whose “eye” is there the lens with a distorting defect? Students? Teachers? Operators of digitalization in education? We have found that digitalization in education implemented during the pandemic is subject to astigmatism. The fact that this situation belongs to the past requires two measures. First, the correction of “vision” among graduates. Secondly, the introduction of precise compensatory actions in the environment of distance education.
Education restructuring projects require efficiency criteria for the assessment and monitoring of management efforts to achieve set goals. The article focuses on understanding the efficiency itself and the essence of its assessment. The key points of formation and methodological innovations of the presented concept of diagnostics which substantiates the relevance are discussed: interpretations of education systems as semiotic systems; management of the transformation of education systems based on the measurement of the parameters of the order of self-organization of complex open systems; selecting, as a control parameter, the order of the characteristic “information efficiency”. This characteristic makes it possible to implement a procedure for measuring two competitive interactions: the process of selecting the optimal ways to achieve an asymptotically distant goal and the process of the competition of semiotic attractors as an expression of asymptotic goals. The specificity of self-organization mechanisms puts forward requirements for managing these processes. These requirements are the need to conduct such a selection which does not cut off other paths to other goals but changes the hierarchy in the subordination of ways to achieve goals. Ignoring the requirement leads to the selection out of “one” path. Conclusions regarding the determination of the place of pedagogical education in the context of modernization of the entire system of national education are drawn. Firstly, the implementation of technologies that demonstrate their efficiency in foreign experience into the practice of national education should be guided by the fact that this efficiency was obtained to achieve substantially different goals. Secondly, the implementation of innovative educational technologies in teacher training should be ahead of this implementation in teaching practice at all educational levels, which will ensure that the advantages of these technologies are effectively tuned to achieve the goals of national education.
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