“…Nevertheless, a comparison between French–Creole bilinguals and French monolinguals showed lower scores in French language skills (vocabulary, morphology, and syntax) and cognitive tasks (working memory, ordering pictures, detecting missing details on pictures) in kindergarten bilinguals (5-years-old) than in monolinguals ones (Negro, Genelot, & Peslages 2006). Si Moussa (2005) also found lower academic success in second- and fourth-grade bilinguals from Réunion Island (another French department in the Indian Ocean) than in monolinguals from a town of France (Dijon). Furthermore, in primary grades, comparisons between French–Creole bilinguals and French monolinguals with regard to academic success in national evaluation tests 1 confirm that there are lower levels of performance in overseas departments (Genelot, 2005; Giraud et al, 1992).…”