Pedestrian wind comfort around buildings: Comparison of wind comfort criteria based on whole-flow field data for a complex case study

Janssen, WD Wendy; Blocken, Bje Bert; Hooff, van Taj Twan

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.10.012

Cited by 191 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…They have been used for a wide variety of applications related to microclimate analyses: for estimating the wind flow and evaluating the wind comfort [320,321], for understanding the urban thermal environment by estimating several environmental variables with CFD [322], estimating the physical effects of detonations and to determine the risks for structures and people [323] (Figure 8), predicting the ground surface temperature [324], investigating the influence of air conditioning heat rejection management systems of residential buildings [325], and for the prediction of air quality [326].…”

Section: Computational Fluid Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

Biljecki

Stoter

Ledoux

et al. 2015

IJGI

630

380

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In the last decades, 3D city models appear to have been predominantly used for visualisation; however, today they are being increasingly employed in a number of domains and for a large range of tasks beyond visualisation. In this paper, we seek to understand and document the state of the art regarding the utilisation of 3D city models across multiple domains based on a comprehensive literature study including hundreds of research papers, technical reports and online resources. A challenge in a study such as ours is that the ways in which 3D city models are used cannot be readily listed due to fuzziness, terminological ambiguity, unclear added-value of 3D geoinformation in some instances, and absence of technical information. To address this challenge, we delineate a hierarchical terminology (spatial operations, use cases, applications), and develop a theoretical reasoning to segment and categorise the diverse uses of 3D city models. Following this framework, we provide a list of identified use cases of 3D city models (with a description of each), and their applications. Our study demonstrates that 3D city models are employed in at least 29 use cases that are a part of more than 100 applications. The classified inventory could be useful for scientists as well as stakeholders in the geospatial industry, such as companies and national mapping agencies, as it may serve as a reference document to better position their operations, design product portfolios, and to better understand the market.

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Section: Computational Fluid Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

Biljecki

Stoter

Ledoux

et al. 2015

IJGI

630

380

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…the simulation of wind flow in vicinity of the earth's surface [33,92,99,131] and the simulation of wind flows over a complex terrain with changing surface roughness [20,40,233]. In recent years, CWE has been used to study wind comfort for pedestrians in newly built or existing INTRODUCTION neighbourhoods [30,34,117] or for studies of wind comfort inside stadiums [258,259]. Finally, CWE methods are also applied in environmental studies when pollutant dispersion is considered [35,93,94].…”

Section: Numerical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For CWE applications on wind climate and pedestrian comfort in the built environment, steady RANS with the k − ε turbulence model is widely used [33,117,191]. The k − ε model is based on the Boussinesq hypothesis in which a turbulent or eddy viscosity ν t (or µ t ) is supposed to connect the Reynolds stresses to the strain rate components.…”

Section: Reynolds-averaged Navier-stokes Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind-structure interaction simulations of ovalling vibrations in silo groups

Hillewaere

Degroote

Lombaert

et al. 2015

Journal of Fluids and Structures

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“…Complete wind comfort and wind safety studies require the combination of this aerodynamic information with statistical meteorological data and a wind comfort and/or wind danger criterion. To the best of our knowledge, wind comfort and wind safety studies based on CFD have only been published by Richards et al (2002), Hirsch et al (2002), , Blocken and Carmeliet (2008), Blocken and Persoon (2009) and Janssen et al (2013). Table 1 will indicate which papers in the VSI only address pedestrian-level wind conditions and which also provide an assessment of wind comfort and/or wind safety.…”

Section: Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

CFD simulation of pedestrian-level wind conditions around buildings: Past achievements and prospects

Blocken

Stathopoulos

2013

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

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Context of Virtual Special IssueA Virtual Special Issue (VSI) is a Special Issue that consists of previously published papers in a given journal. The aim of a VSI is to identify and group a coherent set of such papers and to provide some post-publication perspectives. This VSI deals with papers on CFD simulation of pedestrian-level wind conditions around buildings, published in the Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics (JWEIA).Wind comfort and wind safety for pedestrians are important requirements for urban areas. In particular near high-rise buildings, high wind velocities are often introduced at pedestrian level that can be experienced as uncomfortable or even dangerous. Uncomfortable wind conditions have proven detrimental to the success of new buildings (Durgin and Chock 1982). Wise (1970) reports about shops that are left untenanted because of the windy environment that discouraged shoppers. Lawson and Penwarden (1975) report dangerous wind conditions to be responsible for the death of two old ladies after being blown over by sudden wind gusts near a high-rise building. Many urban authorities nowadays recognize the importance of pedestrian wind comfort and wind safety and require such studies before granting building permits for new buildings or new urban areas.Studies of wind comfort and wind safety involve combining statistical meteorological data with aerodynamic information and with wind comfort and wind safety criteria. The aerodynamic information is needed to transform the statistical meteorological data from the weather station (meteorological site) to the location of interest at the building site. At this location, the transformed statistical data are combined with the comfort and safety criteria to assess local wind comfort and safety. This procedure is schematically depicted in Figure 1. Wind statistics at the meteorological site can be expressed as potential wind speed (U pot ), i.e. corresponding to a terrain with aerodynamic roughness length z 0 = 0.03 m. The aerodynamic information usually consists of two parts: the terrain-related contribution and the design-related contribution. The terrain-related contribution represents the change in wind statistics from the meteorological site to a reference location near the building site, i.e. the transformation of U pot to U 0 . The design-related contribution represents the change in wind statistics due to the local urban design, i.e. the transformation of U 0 to the local wind speed U. Information on transformation procedures to determine terrain-related contributions can be found in e.g. Simiu and Scanlan (1986) and Verkaik (2006). The design-related contribution (i.e. the wind-flow conditions around the buildings at the building site) can be obtained by either wind-tunnel modelling or CFD. Wind comfort and safety criteria generally exist of a threshold value of the wind speed and an allowed exceedance probability of this threshold.

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Pedestrian wind comfort around buildings: Comparison of wind comfort criteria based on whole-flow field data for a complex case study

Cited by 191 publications

References 62 publications

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

Wind-structure interaction simulations of ovalling vibrations in silo groups

CFD simulation of pedestrian-level wind conditions around buildings: Past achievements and prospects

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