Pediatric Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Clinical and Epidemiological Study in a Tertiary Hospital

Salvador, José María Ortiz; Ferrer, Daniela Subiabre; Martínez, Altea Esteve; Oyanguren, Jesús de la Cuadra; Ninet, Violeta Zaragozá

doi:10.1016/j.adengl.2017.05.012

Cited by 7 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In our retrospective analysis of patch testing performed in children aged 17 or less we found a sensitisation rate of 58.3%, with 65.1% of these reactions being relevant, meaning that 38.0% of those patch tested had a relevant reaction to their presenting skin condition. These rates are similar to those of other large studies of paediatric patch testing . The most common relevant allergens found in our study, once apprentice hairdressers were excluded, were fragrance mix, MCI/MI together with MI, Myroxylon pereriae , nickel sulphate and colophonium.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Nickel allergy has been shown in multiple studies to be more common in people with piercings . Some studies have attributed an increased incidence of ACD in females to nickel allergies alone …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rate of positive patch tests in children has been increasing, with a 2011 meta‐analysis finding higher positive rates in studies published after 1995 . Studies of paediatric populations have found positive patch test reaction rates of 54%–65%, and sensitisation has been considered to be relevant in 61%–91% of those tested . Reported rates of relevant reactions are in fact higher than in adult patch testing, which would fit with the fact that proportionately fewer children are being tested, perhaps only when there is a very high suspicion of ACD …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patch testing appears to be performed infrequently in children, and consequently, ACD is likely underdiagnosed. 1,2 This is unfortunate, because ACD can have a significant impact on a child's quality of life, and early, correct, identification of allergens and subsequent avoidance can lead to substantial improvement in symptoms, preventing progression to a chronic disease state. 3 Historically, the prevalence and significance of ACD in children has been underestimated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allergic contact dermatitis in children and proposal for an Australian Paediatric Baseline Series

et al. 2019

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Background Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an increasingly common diagnosis in children. The objectives of this study were to review our experience with ACD in children in tertiary settings, to ascertain the spectrum of allergens in this population and to subsequently propose the first Australian Paediatric Baseline Series for patch testing. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of patch test data from 1993 to 2017 from two tertiary referral patch‐testing centres in Melbourne, Victoria. Results A total of 511 children were patch tested during the study period. Of these, 58.3% (298/511) of children tested had a positive patch test, and 65.1% (194/298, or 38.0% of the total) had a relevant positive patch test. The most common relevant patch test reactions were fragrance mix, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) and methylisothiazolinone (MI), Myroxylon pereirae, nickel sulphate, and colophonium. Conclusion Allergic contact dermatitis is not uncommon in children, and patch testing should be considered in children with suspected ACD or with recalcitrant atopic dermatitis. Based on our experience over 25 years, we propose the first Australian Paediatric Baseline Series.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allergic contact dermatitis in children and proposal for an Australian Paediatric Baseline Series

et al. 2019

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“…This once again justifies the choice of adding facial dermatitis to the MOAHLFA criteria . Also, the feet and legs are common sites in both adults and children …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA): Contact allergies in relation to body sites in patients with allergic contact dermatitis

et al. 2019

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Background Analyses of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA) database have focused primarily on the prevalence of contact allergies to the European baseline series, both overall and in subgroups of patients. However, affected body sites have hitherto not been addressed. Objective To determine the prevalence of contact allergies for distinct body sites in patients with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Methods Analysis of data collected by the ESSCA ( www.essca‐dc.org ) in consecutively patch tested patients, from 2009 to 2014, in eight European countries was performed. Cases were selected on the basis of the presence of minimally one positive patch test reaction to the baseline series, and a final diagnosis of ACD attributed to only one body site. Results Six thousand two hundred and fifty‐five cases were analysed. The head and hand were the most common single sites that ACD was attributed to. Differences between countries were seen for several body sites. Nickel, fragrance mix I, cobalt and methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone were the most frequent allergens reported for various body sites. Conclusions Distinct allergen patterns per body site were observed. However, contact allergies were probably not always relevant for the dermatitis that patients presented with. The possibility of linking positive patch test reactions to relevance, along with affected body sites, should be a useful addition to patch test documentation systems.

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Pediatric allergic contact dermatitis. Part I: Clinical features and common contact allergens in children

Neale

Garza-Mayers

Tam

et al. 2021

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

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Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), a delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction to environmental allergens, has a prevalence that is similar in children and adults. However, diagnostic testing for ACD in pediatric populations accounts for less than one tenth of all patch tests. The relative infrequency of pediatric patch testing may be attributed to the difficulty in testing in this population, which includes a smaller surface area for patch test placement and maintaining cooperation during patch testing, especially in younger children. Diagnosis can be difficult in children because the appearance of ACD can mimic other common pediatric skin conditions, particularly atopic dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis. Comprehensive history taking, guided by patient presentation, age group, and location of dermatitis, helps build clinical suspicion. Such clinical suspicion is one of the major reasons behind patch testing, with additional indications being recalcitrant dermatitis and dermatitis with atypical distribution. US pediatric data have shown the top allergens to be metals, fragrances, topical antibiotics, preservatives, and emollients. These trends are important to recognize to guide management and accurate diagnosis, because ACD tends to persist if the allergen is not identified and can affect patients' quality of life.

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Pediatric Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Clinical and Epidemiological Study in a Tertiary Hospital

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Allergic contact dermatitis in children and proposal for an Australian Paediatric Baseline Series

Allergic contact dermatitis in children and proposal for an Australian Paediatric Baseline Series

European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA): Contact allergies in relation to body sites in patients with allergic contact dermatitis

Pediatric allergic contact dermatitis. Part I: Clinical features and common contact allergens in children

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