Pediatric aneurysms and vein of Galen malformations

Abstract

Pediatric aneurysms are different from adult aneurysms – they are more rare, are giant and in the posterior circulation more frequently than in adults and may be associated with congenital disorders. Infectious and traumatic aneursyms are also seen more frequently. Vein of Galen malformations are even rarer entities. They may be of choroidal or mural type. Based on the degree of AV shunting they may present with failure to thrive, with hydrocephalus or in severe cases with heart failure. The only possible treatment is by endovascular techniques – both transarterial and transvenous routes are employed. Rarely transtorcular approach is needed. These cases should be managed by an experienced neurointerventionist.

Spontaneous thrombosis of vein of Galen malformation

“…Thrombosis is more common in mural type, since this category have relatively slow flow. [13] In our case, DSA confirmed thrombosis of VOGM and thereby occlusion of arteriovenous shunting. Spontaneous thrombosis is associated with good outcome in about 70% of the cases.…”

Role of Endovascular Treatment in Pediatric Cerebral Aneurysms: A Series of Two Case Reports

“…Pediatric aneurysms constitute 2.9% of all cerebral aneurysms[1] with common location being the posterior circulation and with higher incidence of large and giant complex aneurysm. The ICA bifurcation is the commonest location in the anterior circulation.…”

“…According to a recent review by Rao et al,[1] these aneurysms constitute 2.9% of all cerebral aneurysms. Incidence of these aneurysms in pediatric patients is more in the posterior circulation than in the anterior, when compared to the aneurysms in adults.…”

Malformação Arteriovenosa da Veia de Galeno no Recém-Nascido

“…Os aneurismas em crianças representam 0,5% a 5% de todos os aneurismas em geral e a MAVG representam cerca de 1% das malformações cerebrais intracranianas em pacientes de todas as faixas etárias. A característica comum a esta malformação é a dilatação acentuada da região habitual da Veia de Galeno, com múltiplas fistulas arteriovenosas 3,4 .…”

“…O prognóstico para tal doença demonstrou importante melhora após o advento de técnicas cirúrgicas menos invasivas. A diminuição da mortalidade foi evidente ao se indicar como terapia padrão ouro a terapia endovascular, deixando assim o procedimento cirúrgico, invasivo, para casos mais específicos [2][3][4][5][6][7] .…”