Pediatric dermoid cysts of the head and neck

Abstract

Dermoid cysts are unusual neoplasms that often present in childhood, with the orbit being the area most commonly affected in the head and neck region. Imaging studies help rule out an intracranial or intraorbital extension. With complete excision, recurrence is unusual. Significance Our review will assist both primary care physicians and subspecialists in diagnosing and treating dermoid cysts.

Dermoid of the floor of the mouth

“…Dermoid and epidermoid cysts arise from the first and second branchial arches after sequestration of surface ectodermal tissue. The rare teratoid cyst contains elements of all three germ cell layers [1,2]. The location of these lesions with respect to the mylohyoid muscle is important for determining the most appropriate surgical approach.…”

Dermoid Cyst of the Parotid Gland: Report of a Rare Entity with Literature Review

“…More than half are detected in children around 6 years of age, while approximately a third of DCs are conspicuous at birth [2][3][4]. Rare cases of malignant transformation of DCs have been reported in the oral cavity with a probability of 5 % [20,21].…”

“…The lumen usually contains sebaceous material and occasionally hairs. The head and neck area is a common site of occurrence for DCs and they are located most often in superficial subcutaneous tissues [2][3][4]. DCs can occur in any age with no gender predilection.…”

“…DCs can occur in any age with no gender predilection. More than 50 % of all head and neck region cases are detected by the age of 6, though approximately one-third are present at birth [2][3][4]. These cysts are generally asymptomatic unless they grow enough to be conspicuous, causing cosmetic problems or compressive effects.…”

Update from the 4th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumours: What Is New in the 2017 WHO Blue Book for Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of the Neck and Lymph Nodes

“…The term teratoid cyst is typically used when additional endodermal derivatives are present. The cyst occurs in the head and neck in 7% of the cases [48]. The majority of the cysts are subcutaneous and recognized in children younger than 5 years old [49].…”