Pediatric neuroimaging in early childhood and infancy: challenges and practical guidelines

Raschle, Nora Maria; Zuk, Jennifer; Ortiz-Mantilla, Silvia; Sliva, Danielle D.; Franceschi, Angela; Grant, P. Ellen; Benasich, April A.; Gaab, Nadine

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06457.x

Cited by 237 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Noise that abruptly changes in sound level or intensity in a nonprogressive manner is much more likely to result in arousal and waking (9). This effect is far more obvious when there is a change from silence to noise, as only two infants in the study awoke after a scan was completed; all others (n ¼ 34) woke up at some point during the scan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

A dedicated neonatal brain imaging system

et al. 2017

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Purpose The goal of the Developing Human Connectome Project is to acquire MRI in 1000 neonates to create a dynamic map of human brain connectivity during early development. High‐quality imaging in this cohort without sedation presents a number of technical and practical challenges. Methods We designed a neonatal brain imaging system (NBIS) consisting of a dedicated 32‐channel receive array coil and a positioning device that allows placement of the infant's head deep into the coil for maximum signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). Disturbance to the infant was minimized by using an MRI‐compatible trolley to prepare and transport the infant and by employing a slow ramp‐up and continuation of gradient noise during scanning. Scan repeats were minimized by using a restart capability for diffusion MRI and retrospective motion correction. We measured the 1) SNR gain, 2) number of infants with a completed scan protocol, and 3) number of anatomical images with no motion artifact using NBIS compared with using an adult 32‐channel head coil. Results The NBIS has 2.4 times the SNR of the adult coil and 90% protocol completion rate. Conclusion The NBIS allows advanced neonatal brain imaging techniques to be employed in neonatal brain imaging with high protocol completion rates. Magn Reson Med 78:794–804, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

A dedicated neonatal brain imaging system

et al. 2017

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“…They watched a movie with a head-mounted motion tracker that stopped playing if a movement of over 2 mm occurred. This method has been shown to significantly reduce head motion once children are in the scanner (Raschle et al, 2012). In addition, in the scanner, we used a head-stabilizing pillow to further restrict movement.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Visual Association Cortex in Associative Memory Formation across Development

Rosen

Sheridan

Sambrook

et al. 2018

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Associative learning underlies the formation of new episodic memories. Associative memory improves across development, and this age-related improvement is supported by the development of the hippocampus and pFC. Recent work, however, additionally suggests a role for visual association cortex in the formation of associative memories. This study investigated the role of category-preferential visual processing regions in associative memory across development using a paired associate learning task in a sample of 56 youths (age 6–19 years). Participants were asked to bind an emotional face with an object while undergoing fMRI scanning. Outside the scanner, participants completed a memory test. We first investigated age-related changes in neural recruitment and found linear age-related increases in activation in lateral occipital cortex and fusiform gyrus, which are involved in visual processing of objects and faces, respectively. Furthermore, greater activation in these visual processing regions was associated with better subsequent memory for pairs over and above the effect of age and of hippocampal and pFC activation on performance. Recruitment of these visual processing regions mediated the association between age and memory performance, over and above the effects of hippocampal activation. Taken together, these findings extend the existing literature to suggest that greater recruitment of category-preferential visual processing regions during encoding of associative memories is a neural mechanism explaining improved memory across development.

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“…Traditional fMRI studies of category and concept development often test neural processes under conditions of maximal stimulus control (e.g., isolated pictures, tones, words, letters, or digits) with short-duration stimuli and equally short response times (i.e., 2 s). These types of studies are critical for understanding brain development, and considerable progress has been made toward understanding all aspects of brain development using a diverse array of controlled tasks in children; see [5]–[7] for review. However, the general approach of using stripped down experimental designs could present a limitation on a broad understanding of child development, as the types of thoughts that a child has in a 2-s time window with uncomplicated tasks and stimuli may not be as diagnostic of their cognitive development as how they think over long periods of time with more complex stimulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%