Pediatric obesity—Long‐term consequences and effect of weight loss

Marcus, Claude; Danielsson, Pernilla; Hagman, Emilia

doi:10.1111/joim.13547

Cited by 91 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 231 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Our results indicate that there is an association between lower CRF and increased hs-CRP in children with obesity. Low-grade inflammation in young children seems to be an important factor behind the association between pediatric obesity and autoimmune disease and cancers later in life 32 , 51 . Inflammation is also involved in the development of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes 31 , 33 , 51 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low-grade inflammation in young children seems to be an important factor behind the association between pediatric obesity and autoimmune disease and cancers later in life 32 , 51 . Inflammation is also involved in the development of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes 31 , 33 , 51 . Thus, it is of major importance to reduce inflammation in young children with obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with obesity

Johansson

Putri

Danielsson

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is unclear if associations between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiometabolic risk factors are independent of degree of obesity, in children with obesity. The aim of this cross-sectional study on 151 children (36.4% girls), 9–17 years, from a Swedish obesity clinic, was to investigate associations between CRF and cardiometabolic risk factors, adjusted for body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS), in children with obesity. CRF was objectively assessed with the Åstrand-Rhyming submaximal cycle ergometer test, and blood samples (n = 96) and blood pressure (BP) (n = 84) according to clinical routine. Obesity specific reference values for CRF were used to create CRF levels. CRF was inversely associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), independent of BMI SDS, age, sex, and height. The inverse associations between CRF and diastolic BP did not remain significant when adjusted for BMI SDS. CRF and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol became inversely associated when adjusted for BMI SDS. Independent of degree of obesity, lower CRF is associated with higher levels of hs-CRP, as a biomarker of inflammation, in children with obesity and regular assessment of CRF should be encouraged. Future research in children with obesity should investigate if low-grade inflammation decreases when CRF is improved.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with obesity

Johansson

Putri

Danielsson

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Type 1 Diabetes differs from other autoimmune disease by being equally common in males and females during childhood, and twice as common in males after the age of 15 years 26 , 27 . Type 1 Diabetes also has a strong association with overweight and obesity while the association with other autoimmune diseases is less clear although some studies indicates that obesity increases the risk of MS, SLE, RA, IBD and Psoriasis 28 , while the risk of some autoimmune diseases including Celiac disease is decreased in obese individuals 29 . In children, obesity seems to increase the risk of Type 1 Diabetes and IBD more than JIA and Hypothyroidism 30 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low maternal education increases the risk of Type 1 Diabetes, but not other autoimmune diseases: a mediating role of childhood BMI and exposure to serious life events

White

Faresjö

Jones

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this paper was to investigate if socioeconomic status (SES), measured by maternal education and household income, influenced the risk of developing autoimmune disease (Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac disease, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Crohn’s disease, Ulcerative colitis, and autoimmune thyroid disease), or age at diagnosis, and to analyse pathways between SES and autoimmune disease. We used data from the All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) study, a population-based prospective birth cohort, which included children born 1997–1999. Diagnoses of autoimmune disease was collected from the Swedish National Patient Register Dec 2020. In 16,365 individuals, low maternal education, but not household income, was associated with increased risk of Type 1 Diabetes; middle education RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.06, 2.23; P 0.02, low education RR 1.81, 95% CI 1.04, 3.18; P 0.04. Maternal education and household income was not associated with any other autoimmune disease and did not influence the age at diagnosis. Part of the increased risk of Type 1 Diabetes by lower maternal education was mediated by the indirect pathway of higher BMI and higher risk of Serious Life Events (SLE) at 5 years of age. The risk of developing Type 1 Diabetes associated to low maternal education might be reduced by decreasing BMI and SLE during childhood.

show abstract

“…The number of children aged 5 to 19 years with obesity is predicted to rise to 254 million by 2030 [ 1 ]. Children with obesity have an increased risk of cardiometabolic risk factors, such as hypertension [ 2 , 3 ], dyslipidaemia [ 3 ], impaired glucose metabolism [ 4 ], and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [ 5 , 6 ]. However, not all children with obesity develop associated comorbidities, suggesting that other factors than obesity may contribute to adverse outcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between perinatal factors and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity: A retrospective two-cohort study

et al. 2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Children with obesity have an increased risk of cardiometabolic risk factors, but not all children carry a similar risk. Perinatal factors, i.e., gestational age (GA) and birth weight for GA, may affect the risk for metabolic complications. However, there are conflicting data whether the association between birth size and cardiometabolic risk factors is independent among children with obesity. Moreover, differential effects of GA and birth weight for GA on cardiometabolic risk factors in pediatric obesity are still unexplored. We aimed to investigate the association between birth weight for GA and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity and to assess whether the association is modified by prematurity. Methods and findings We conducted a retrospective study of 2 cohorts, using data from the world’s 2 largest registers of pediatric obesity treatment—The Swedish childhood obesity treatment register (BORIS) and The Adiposity Patients Registry (APV) (1991 to 2020). Included were individuals with overweight or obesity between 2 to 18 years of age who had data of birth characteristics and cardiometabolic parameters. Birth data was collected as exposure variable and the first reported cardiometabolic parameters during pediatric obesity treatment as the main outcome. The median (Q1, Q3) age at the outcome measurement was 11.8 (9.4, 14.0) years. The main outcomes were hypertensive blood pressure (BP), impaired fasting glucose, elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), elevated total cholesterol, elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and elevated transaminases. With logistic regression, we calculated the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) for each cardiometabolic parameter. All the analyses were adjusted for sex, age, degree of obesity, migratory background, and register source. In total, 42,760 (51.9% females) individuals were included. Small for GA (SGA) was prevalent in 10.4%, appropriate for GA (AGA) in 72.4%, and large for GA (LGA) in 17.2%. Most individuals (92.5%) were born full-term, 7.5% were born preterm. Median (Q1, Q3) body mass index standard deviation score at follow-up was 2.74 (2.40, 3.11) units. Compared with AGA, children born SGA were more likely to have hypertensive BP (OR = 1.20 [95% CI 1.12 to 1.29], p < 0.001), elevated HbA1c (1.33 [1.06 to 1.66], p = 0.03), and elevated transaminases (1.21 [1.10 to 1.33], p < 0.001) as well as low HDL (1.19 [1.09 to 1.31], p < 0.001). On the contrary, individuals born LGA had lower odds for hypertensive BP (0.88 [0.83 to 0.94], p < 0.001), elevated HbA1c (0.81 [0.67 to 0.97], p < 0.001), and elevated transaminases (0.88 [0.81 to 0.94], p < 0.001). Preterm birth altered some of the associations between SGA and outcomes, e.g., by increasing the odds for hypertensive BP and by diminishing the odds for elevated transaminases. Potential selection bias due to occasionally missing data could not be excluded. Conclusions Among children and adolescents with overweight/obesity, individuals born SGA are more likely to possess cardiometabolic risk factors compared to their counterparts born AGA. Targeted screening and treatment of obesity-related comorbidities should therefore be considered in this high-risk group of individuals.

show abstract

Pediatric obesity—Long‐term consequences and effect of weight loss

Abstract: Marcus C, Danielsson P, Hagman E. Pediatric obesity-Long-term consequences and effect of weight loss.

Cited by 91 publications

References 231 publications

Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with obesity

Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with obesity

Low maternal education increases the risk of Type 1 Diabetes, but not other autoimmune diseases: a mediating role of childhood BMI and exposure to serious life events

The association between perinatal factors and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity: A retrospective two-cohort study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About