Pediatric Urinary System Neoplasms

<p>The coexistence of a Wilms&rsquo; tumor and renal cell carcinoma in children: a case report and review of the literature</p>

“…In the present case, the WT largely consisted of epithelium, with little mesenchyme and no blastema. The gross examination showed few differences as compared with observations of other tumors, including pediatric RCCs, which are generally characterized by a small size, solid mass, necrosis, hemorrhages, and cystic changes 1. It also revealed several papillary excrescences in some large cysts.…”

“…The prognosis of RCCs in children is poorer than that in WT cases, with an overall survival rate of 64%. The tumor stage plays a vital role in the overall survival rate 1. In patients with RCCs insensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the appropriate treatment is radical nephrectomy, with complete resection of the tumor 23.…”

“…A Wilms’ tumor (WT) remains one of the most frequently detected kidney malignancies in infants and young children, with a higher morbidity rate among those aged 3–4 years 1,2. WTs are widely regarded as embryonal tumors, which stem from meta-nephrogenic blastema 3.…”

“…Unlike WTs, most pediatric cases of RCCs are diagnosed in the second decade of life, and the possibility of morbidity increases with age 4. In most adults, the histological type is a clear cell RCC, whereas the histological subtypes of RCCs in children tend to be microphthalmia transcription factor translocation RCCs and papillary RCCs 1,5. To the best of our knowledge, the coexistence of a WT and an RCC is rare, with only a few cases reported in the literature 6–9.…”

Editorial for “MRI‐Characteristics of Pediatric Renal Tumors: A SIOP‐RTSG Radiology Panel Delphi Study”: Standardized Assessment of Pediatric Renal Tumors with MRI: A Laudable Objective That Requires Further Investigation

“…P ediatric renal tumors have a distinct differential diagnosis compared to adults and include primarily nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor [WT]) and the less common non-WT including a variety of solid and cystic renal tumors. [1][2][3] International treatment guidelines for management of pediatric renal tumors differ and pediatric renal tumors are not frequently biopsied prior to treatment. 1,4 Imaging-led diagnosis of pediatric renal masses is therefore crucial for establishing a presumptive diagnosis and the most appropriate management plan.…”