Pediatric Vitamin D Deficiency in a Southwestern Luminous Climate

Szalay, Elizabeth A.; Tryon, Elyce B.; Pleacher, Michael D.; Whisler, Sandra L.

doi:10.1097/bpo.0b013e31821e10c5

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Wang et al reported that very low birth weight infants had reduced bone mass at ages 5 to 10 years, even after adjustment for height, lean mass, or bone area [47], whereas in the same study, short gestation period was correlated with unfavorable skeletal health among prepubertal boys [47]. Predicated on the concept that vitamin D deficiency [12,13,14,15,16] and BMD [8] are key factors for the development of GPs, further research may reveal if the implication of perinatal risk factors in the bone metabolism process results in the onset of the disorder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as there is no reliable and valid assessment tool testing hypermobility in children, the last hypothesis remains unproven [2]. Currently, many studies focus on the correlation of growing pains with bone density [8] and with factors affecting paediatric bone metabolism regarding serum levels of vitamin D or calcium [8] and omega-3 fatty acid intake [12,13,14,15,16]. The bone strength theory, which is closely related to the non-inflammatory pain syndrome theory, is based on the observation that the tibial bone density in children with GPs, as it was measured by quantitative ultrasound, was significantly reduced compared to healthy children [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bone strength theory, which is closely related to the non-inflammatory pain syndrome theory, is based on the observation that the tibial bone density in children with GPs, as it was measured by quantitative ultrasound, was significantly reduced compared to healthy children [8]. Furthermore, the serum levels of vitamin D3 in GPs patients were remarkably low [12,13,15,16]. Similarly, in the affected children, the bone mineral status of the phalanx was low and accompanied by increased serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), whereas the alkaline phosphatase levels were normal [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perinatal Risk Factors and Genu Valgum Conducive to the Onset of Growing Pains in Early Childhood

2016

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The most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder of childhood with unclear aetiology is growing pains (GPs). Anatomic deformities and factors that change bone turnover are implicated in GP pathophysiology. Perinatal risk factors alter the bone metabolism affecting the bone mineral density and content. The aim of our study was to analyze the relationship between GPs, knock knees and perinatal factors. The examined population consisted of 276 children aged 3–7 years. Among them, ten pairs of dizygotic twins were evaluated. The data were collected by using a combination of semi-structured questionnaires, clinical examinations and medical charts of the children and the obstetric history of the mothers. A total of 78 children presenting GPs met Peterson’s criteria. Genu valgum severity was a significant factor for GP manifestation and for their increased frequency and intensity. Subsequently, perinatal factors regarding gestational age, Apgar score, head circumference (lower than 33 cm) and birth length or weight (smaller than 50 cm and 3000 g, respectively) made a remarkable contribution to the development of GPs. Conversely, antenatal corticosteroid treatment, increased maternal age and maternal smoking during pregnancy were not predictive of the disorder. Our data are potentially supportive for the “bone strength” theory and for the contribution of anatomical disturbances in GP appearance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perinatal Risk Factors and Genu Valgum Conducive to the Onset of Growing Pains in Early Childhood

2016

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“…6 Other possibilities have been summarised by Evans and Scutter. 7 Adult arthritis has long been considered to be a condition that could be ameliorated or prevented by dietary manipulation, with suggestions of different components of the diet being important-particularly ω-3 fatty acids.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Do ω-3 or other fatty acids influence the development of ‘growing pains’? A prebirth cohort study

et al. 2012

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ObjectivesTo assess whether the prevalence of growing pains varies with indicators of fatty acid exposure. Growing pains (limb pains of no obvious explanation) have been shown to be strongly linked to a family history of arthritis, and are thought to predict an increased risk of the development of arthritis in adulthood. Much has been made of the possibility of fatty acids, particularly the ω-3 fatty acids, playing a preventive role in the development of arthritis, but little research has been undertaken to determine whether such fatty acids might reduce the risk of growing pains. We aimed to assess whether the prevalence of growing pains varies with indicators of fatty acid exposures.DesignCase–control study nested within a prospective longitudinal cohort comparing prenatal and postnatal diet, blood measures and variants in fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes that influence the metabolism of fatty acids. Statistical analysis took account of factors such as gender, smoke exposure, maternal age and education, social class and parity.SettingAvon Longitudinal Study of Parents & Children.ParticipantsAll children born between 1 April 1991 and 31 December 1992 (approximately14 000) within the Avon area (only that part of Avon under the South-West Regional Health Authority). This project compared 1676 children who reported ‘growing pains’ at age 8 with 6155 with no such pain.Primary outcomeReported limb pains of no apparent origin.ResultsThere was no indication that the affected children had diets that differed with regard to ω-3, plasma levels of fatty acids, or the FADS genetic variants. We also assessed fetal and infant exposure but neither maternal prenatal blood levels nor maternal dietary intake, or duration of breast feeding showed any significant relationships even after adjustment for confounders.ConclusionsThus, there is no evidence that ω-3 fatty acid status protects against the development of growing pains in childhood.

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“…Furthermore, a twin family survey [10] provided evidence that GPs appear genetic susceptibility and present genetic association with Restless Leg Syndrome. Currently, many studies focus on the correlation of Growing pains with bone density [7] and with factors affecting paediatric bone metabolism regarding serum levels of vitamin D, or calcium [7] and ω-3 fatty acids intake [11][12][13][14][15]. The bone strength theory is based on the observation that the tibial bone density in children with GPs, as it was measured by quantitive ultrasound, was significantly reduced compared to healthy children [7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal Risk Factors and Genu Valgum Conduce to the Onset of "Growing Pains" in Early Childhood

Kaspiris

Chronopoulos

Vasiliadis

2016

Preprint

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The most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder of childhood with unclear aetiology is Growing Pains (GPs). Anatomic deformities and factors that change bone turnover are implicated in GPs pathophysiology. Perinatal risk factors alter the bone metabolism affecting the bone mineral density and content. The aim of our study was to analyze the relationship between GPs, knock knees and perinatal factors. The examined population consisted of 276 children aged 3-7 years. Among them 10 pairs of dizygotic twins were evaluated. The data were collected by using a combination of semi-structured questionnaires, clinical examinations and medical charts of the children and the obstetric history of the mothers. 78 children presented GPs meeting Peterson’s criteria. Genu valgum severity was a significant factor for GPs manifestation and for their increased frequency and intensity. Subsequently, perinatal factors regarding gestational age, Apgar score, head circumference (lower than 33cm) and birth length or weight (smaller than 50 cm and 3000gr, respectively) made a remarkable contribution to the development of GPs. Conversely, antenatal corticosteroid treatment, increased maternal age and maternal smoking during pregnancy were not predictive for the disorder. Our data are potentially supportive for the “bone strength” theory and for the contribution of anatomical disturbances in GPs appearance.

show abstract

Pediatric Vitamin D Deficiency in a Southwestern Luminous Climate

Cited by 24 publications

References 1 publication

Perinatal Risk Factors and Genu Valgum Conducive to the Onset of Growing Pains in Early Childhood

Perinatal Risk Factors and Genu Valgum Conducive to the Onset of Growing Pains in Early Childhood

Do ω-3 or other fatty acids influence the development of ‘growing pains’? A prebirth cohort study

Perinatal Risk Factors and Genu Valgum Conduce to the Onset of "Growing Pains" in Early Childhood

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