Pedogenesis and clay mineralogical investigation of soils formed on gypsiferous and calcareous materials, on a transect, southwestern Iran

Owliaie, Hamidreza; Abtahi, A.; Heck, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.08.015

Cited by 90 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Neoformation of palygorskite as a result of calcite and gypsum precipitation seems to be a major pathway for the occurrence of this mineral in the studied soils of southwestern Iran. Moreover, large amounts of smectite seem to be inherited from the Miocene marl formations (Owliaie et al, 2006). A close relationship between geomorphic positions and palygorskite morphology and its origin was reported by Farpoor et al (2002) in Rafsanjan area in the southcentral part of Iran.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…It shows a wide variety of shapes and habits, and occurs as well in arid and semiarid soils with restrained drainage (Stoops and Delvigne, 1990). The occurrence of calcitic pedofeatures in calcareous soils of southern and southwestern Iran has often been reported in the literature (Khormali et al, 2006;Owliaie et al, 2006;Owliaie, 2012). According to Wright (1987), the type of pedogenic calcium carbonate is controlled mainly by the parent material, climate, and vegetation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…That is why the arid moisture regime of the present research is not favorable for the pedogenic formation of chlorite. Thus, chlorite in soils of the study area is inherited (Owliaie et al, 2006). However, there is some indication that mica may form pedogenically in arid soils as well, but only in special conditions, mainly through K fixation of pre-existing smectite (Mahjoory, 1975;Sanguesa et al, 2000).…”

Section: Soilsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Soil clay minerals have two main sources: (1) neoformation and transformation by pedogenic processes, and (2) inheritance from parent rocks, or addition by eolian or fluvial processes to soil surface (Schaetzl and Anderson, 2005). Palygorskite, smectite, chlorite, illite, kaolinite, and vermiculite have been reported as dominant clay minerals in arid and semi-arid areas of Iran (Salehi et al, 2002;Khormali and Abtahi, 2003;Owliaie et al, 2006;Nadimi and Farpoor, 2013;Sarmast et al, 2016;Sarmast et al, 2017). Neoformation of palygorskite as a result of calcite and gypsum precipitation seems to be a major pathway for the occurrence of this mineral in the studied soils of southwestern Iran.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Soil-landscape relationship as indicated by pedogenesis data on selected soils from Southwestern, Iran

Owliaie¹,

Najafi‐Ghiri²,

Shakeri³

2018

Eurasian Journal of Soil Science (Ejss)

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Article Info Received : 02.10.2017 Accepted : 02.01.2018 Soils of semiarid regions of Dehdasht and Choram in Southwestern Iran have formed on alluvium derived from mixed calcareous-gypsiferous materials from Lower Miocene to Upper Pliocene. In order to characterize and classify the soils and to determine the soillandscape relationship in the area, nine pedons located on different physiographic positions including plateau, river alluvial plain, piedmont plain, alluvial plain and alluvial fan have been described, sampled and analyzed. Physicochemical analyses, clay mineralogy and micromorphological studies were performed. The results showed that topography and parent material were two important soil forming factors affecting soil formation in the area. The soils were dominated by carbonate, gypsum, and clay illuviation and accumulation. More developed soils were found on the stable plateau and piedmont plain. Clay illuviation and argillic horizon development in soils of the more stable alluvial plain were assumed to be relict features from presumably more humid climates. Palygorskite, illite, chlorite, smectite, kaolinite, and quartz clay minerals were identified in almost all physiographic surfaces, but more palygorskite and less smectite were found in the soils with gypsiferous parent materials. Observations by SEM revealed the occurrence of neoformed palygorskite as thread-like faces and coating of gypsum crystals and marly matrix. Coating and infilling of gypsum and calcite crystals in voids and channels were common pedofeatures observed in the soils studied. Two different distribution patterns of Fe-Mn oxides were identified in aquic and non-aquic soils.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Soilsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Soil-landscape relationship as indicated by pedogenesis data on selected soils from Southwestern, Iran

Owliaie¹,

Najafi‐Ghiri²,

Shakeri³

2018

Eurasian Journal of Soil Science (Ejss)

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“…Some researchers (Shaviv et al 1985;Murashkina et al 2007) stated that soils containing micas, hydrous micas, or vermiculites have the highest fixation capacities, whereas smectitic and kaolinitic soils have low fixation capacities. Since vermiculites are relatively rare in calcareous soils of southern Iran (Owliaie et al 2006), it seems that smectites and weathered micas are the main clay minerals responsible for K fixation in the studied soils. However, we found no relationship between K fixation capacity and mica content in the clay fraction.…”

Section: Potassium Fixation By Soil Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Potassium fixation in soil size fractions of arid soils

Najafi‐Ghiri¹,

Abtahi²

2013

Soil & Water Res.

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Amounts of potassium (K) fixed in soil fractions of 10 calcareous soils of southern Iran were measured to evaluate the contributions of different soil size fractions to K fixation. Soil particles were fractionated after dispersion of the soils with an ultrasonic probe. Potassium fixation analysis was done by addition of 1000 mg K/kg samples. Mineralogy of the size fractions was determined by X-ray diffraction. The clay fractions were dominated by smectite, chlorite, mica, and palygorskite. Potassium fixation capacities ranged from 104 to 148 mg/kg for clay, from 102 to 155 mg/kg for silt, and from 96 to 187 mg/kg for sand fractions. A positive and significant relationship (P < 0.05) was obtained between K fixation capacity and smectite content for the clay fractions. High amounts of K fixed in the sand fraction may be explained by a larger diffusion path of fixed K out of the frayed edges of micaceous and smectitic minerals into the extracting solution, low cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the coarse fraction and thereby the high concentration gradient along solution and interlayers, physical entrapment of K ions in coarse aggregates cemented by carbonates, and by the presence of clay particles in coarse fractions due to incomplete dispersion of coarse aggregates.

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The formation and evolution of Al‐rich protoliths in the southern Ribeira belt, Brazil: Insights from remnants of a Precambrian paleoweathering surface

Santos,

Fedalto,

Bahniuk

et al. 2023

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Bauxitic clays, clayey bauxites and bauxites are residual products formed from the weathering of aluminosilicate‐rich parent rocks under wet and warm conditions. These deposits show a complex interplay between remobilisation of pre‐existing kaolinitic soils and depositional micro‐environments.In the southern Ribeira belt, Brazil, a paleoweathering surface developed on the continental shelf of the Capiru Group passive margin strata and on its basement/source rocks. This weathering cycle gave rise to a paleosol profile on the continental domain and a karstic paleotopography on the emerged carbonate shelf. The surface and karstic nets were later caped and filled with Al‐rich materials, typical of remobilised soils, bauxitic clays, clayey bauxites and pods of karst‐type bauxites.The age of the disconformity is Pre‐Brazilian/Pan‐African, implying a Neoproterozoic age for the weathering surface. In this study, we investigate the relationship among disconformities, paleosols and karst topography to better understand the stratigraphic control, chemical composition and mineralogy of the Al‐rich materials. We interpret this horizon as the remnants of a (meta‐)paleoweathering surface that can serve as a valuable key bed for stratigraphic correlation and paleogeographic reconstructions.We propose that the triggering process for the genesis of the paleosol profiles, bauxitic material and bauxite pods was a coupled mechanism between favourable climate and uplift along the northern margin of the Curitiba–Angola craton, creating a karstic topography that allowed the down‐plain transport of Al‐rich materials. In a later stage, these deposits were metamorphosed, developing a series of Al silicates in unusual paragenesis, typical of Al‐rich protoliths.The presence of these paragenesis, along with the recognition of the disconformity–paleoweathering surface pair, could be a useful tool to understand the paleoenvironmental and paleogeographic evolution of highly deformed terrains.

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Pedogenesis and clay mineralogical investigation of soils formed on gypsiferous and calcareous materials, on a transect, southwestern Iran

Cited by 90 publications

References 48 publications

Soil-landscape relationship as indicated by pedogenesis data on selected soils from Southwestern, Iran

Soil-landscape relationship as indicated by pedogenesis data on selected soils from Southwestern, Iran

Potassium fixation in soil size fractions of arid soils

The formation and evolution of Al‐rich protoliths in the southern Ribeira belt, Brazil: Insights from remnants of a Precambrian paleoweathering surface

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