PEDOT and PANI Electrodes for IP<sup>2</sup>C Actuators

Khmelnitskiy, Ivan K.; Aivazyan, Vagarshak M.; Andryukhin, Kirill A.; Lagosh, Anton V.; Kalyonov, Vladimir E.

doi:10.1109/eiconrus.2019.8656744

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…They were able to achieve higher maximum strains at 1.0 V than the SAFT actuators used in this study, but its response time was reported to be greater than 9 min (Khmelnitskiy et al, 2019).…”

Section: Actuation Studies For All Polymeric Ionic Eapmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Others in literature who have attempted to use CP electrodes for their actuators experienced strains of around 0.4% when actuating less than 2 V ( Lee et al, 2013 ; Cheedarala et al, 2014 ; Li et al, 2014 ; Rasouli et al, 2017 ). And in another similar study, they directly polymerized PANI and PEDOT onto a manually roughened Nafion membrane without any SAFT ( Khmelnitskiy et al, 2019 ). They were able to achieve higher maximum strains at 1.0 V than the SAFT actuators used in this study, but its response time was reported to be greater than 9 min ( Khmelnitskiy et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…And in another similar study, they directly polymerized PANI and PEDOT onto a manually roughened Nafion membrane without any SAFT ( Khmelnitskiy et al, 2019 ). They were able to achieve higher maximum strains at 1.0 V than the SAFT actuators used in this study, but its response time was reported to be greater than 9 min ( Khmelnitskiy et al, 2019 ). When comparing to SAFT actuators that were held at 1.5 V, many of the actuators finish deforming in under a minute ( Figures 8 , 9 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They suggested that the low tip displacements observed was due to the actuation of the CP and the Nafion occurring at opposite directions and thus canceling out its overall actuation. In all cases, delamination was a problem and so the Nafion membrane is roughened before attaching the CP electrodes (Liu et al, 2007;Bhandari et al, 2012;Khmelnitskiy et al, 2019;Kim and Kim, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since ionic liquids are considered toxic, these actuators would be not be suitable in biological applications and so another method of fabrication is required (Zhao et al, 2007). Another study directly polymerized CP onto the Nafion, but this resulted in slow actuation responses (Khmelnitskiy et al, 2019). Using a high oxidant to CP monomer ratio, CP can polymerize onto the Nafion surface, but this leads to an uneven CP coating and a interfacial layer with a fixed thickness and shape (Tan and Bélanger, 2005;Pyshkina et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Template-Assisted Self-Assembly of Conductive Polymer Electrodes for Ionic Electroactive Polymers

Huet²,

Naguib

2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Ionic electroactive polymers (ionic EAPs) can greatly aid in biomedical applications where micro-sized actuators are required for delicate procedures. Since these types of actuators generally require platinum or gold metallic electrodes, they tend to be expensive and susceptible to delamination. Previous research has solved this problem by replacing the metallic electrodes with conductive polymers (CP) and forming an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) between the conductive polymer (CP) and the solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). Since these actuators contain toxic ionic liquids, they are unsuitable for biological applications. In this study, we present a novel and facile method of fabricating a biocompatible and ionic liquid-free actuator that uses semi-IPN to hold the CP and Nafion-based SPE layers together. Surface activated fabrication treatment (SAFT) is applied to the precursor-Nafion membrane in order to convert the sulfonyl fluoride groups on the surface to sulfonate. Through template-assisted self-assembly, the CP electrodes from either polyaniline (PANI) or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) interlock with the surface treated precursor-Nafion membrane so that no delamination can occur. The electrodes growth pattern, interfacial layer's thickness, and shape can be controlled by adjusting the SAFT concentration and duration.

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Section: Actuation Studies For All Polymeric Ionic Eapmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Template-Assisted Self-Assembly of Conductive Polymer Electrodes for Ionic Electroactive Polymers

Huet²,

Naguib

2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Novel IP²C sensors with flexible electrodes based on plasma-treated conductive elastomeric nanocomposites

Barbosa,

Gonçalves,

Blanco

et al. 2024

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMC) are devices composed of metallic electrodes and an ionomeric polymer membrane in a “sandwich” architecture and. Their main property is electromechanical actuation or sensing based on the movement of ions. Metallic electrodes are commonly used for their high electrical conductivity, malleability, and chemical resistance. However, the high cost of noble metals, such as platinum, long manufacturing time, and fatigue failure limit their application. Therefore, the replacement of metallic electrodes with Conductive Elastomeric Nanocomposites (CENs) was evaluated to reduce the costs and complexity of manufacturing the device and increase its working life. In this work, carbon nanotubes were used as the conductive fillers. The dispersion to achieve high electrical conductivity was carried out directly in the synthetic or natural polyisoprene rubber latex assisted by surfactant and high-power sonication. To improve the adhesion between the elastomeric electrode and the ionic membrane (Nafion), plasma treatment with atmospheric air was applied as a surface modifier. This treatment improved the hydrophilicity and adhesion of the rubbers by forming oxygenated groups and increasing the surface nanoroughness. In this way, ionomeric polymer-polymer composite (IP²C) devices were fabricated using Nafion and plasma-modified CENs, this type of electrode is unprecedented in the literature for this application. These devices showed displacement and strain sensing capacity at levels close to the conventional IPMC in all tested frequency ranges and applied accelerations. Notably, the IP²C obtained better resolution at low frequencies than the control.

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Manufacturing and Investigation of IP²C Sensors with PANI Electrodes

Aivazyan

Khmelnitskiy

Andryukhin

2020

2020 IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EIConRus)

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PEDOT and PANI Electrodes for IP²C Actuators

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Template-Assisted Self-Assembly of Conductive Polymer Electrodes for Ionic Electroactive Polymers

Template-Assisted Self-Assembly of Conductive Polymer Electrodes for Ionic Electroactive Polymers

Novel IP²C sensors with flexible electrodes based on plasma-treated conductive elastomeric nanocomposites

Manufacturing and Investigation of IP²C Sensors with PANI Electrodes

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PEDOT and PANI Electrodes for IP2C Actuators

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Template-Assisted Self-Assembly of Conductive Polymer Electrodes for Ionic Electroactive Polymers

Template-Assisted Self-Assembly of Conductive Polymer Electrodes for Ionic Electroactive Polymers

Novel IP2C sensors with flexible electrodes based on plasma-treated conductive elastomeric nanocomposites

Manufacturing and Investigation of IP2C Sensors with PANI Electrodes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

PEDOT and PANI Electrodes for IP²C Actuators

Novel IP²C sensors with flexible electrodes based on plasma-treated conductive elastomeric nanocomposites

Manufacturing and Investigation of IP²C Sensors with PANI Electrodes