Peer Reviewed: Predicting Impacts of Groundwater Contamination

Einarson, Murray; Mackay, Douglas M.

doi:10.1021/es0122647

Cited by 157 publications

(121 citation statements)

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“…MTBE is a gasoline fuel additive that can leak from gasoline underground storage tanks and contaminate aquifers and wells. In the United States alone, releases of gasoline fuels has been reported at more than 250,000 sites, putting over 9000 municipal water supply wells at risk of contamination with MTBE (Einarson and Mackay 2001). Synthetic microorganic compounds also known as emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) are another and new source of groundwater contamination reported across Europe and many other parts of the world (Lapworth et al 2012).…”

Section: Groundwater Contamination Due To Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The International Scale of the Groundwater Issue

Fienen

Arshad

2016

Integrated Groundwater Management

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Throughout history, and throughout the world, groundwater has been a major source of water for sustaining human life. Use of this resource has increased dramatically over the last century. In many areas of the world, the balance between human and ecosystem needs is difficult to maintain. Understanding the international scale of the groundwater issue requires metrics and analysis at a commensurate scale. Advances in remote sensing supplement older traditional direct measurement methods for understanding the magnitude of depletion, and all measurements motivate the need for common data standards to collect and share information. In addition to metrics of groundwater availability, four key international groundwater issues are depletion of water, degradation of water quality, the water-energy nexus, and transboundary water conflicts. This chapter is devoted to introducing these issues, which are also discussed in more detail in later chapters.

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Section: Groundwater Contamination Due To Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The International Scale of the Groundwater Issue

Fienen

Arshad

2016

Integrated Groundwater Management

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“…Another challenge for scientists is the design of groundwater monitoring networks. Existing groundwater research has developed many approaches to monitoring distinct contaminant plumes, typically a few acres in size (e.g., Einarson and Mackay 2001), but recommendations for the design of nonpoint source monitoring networks are currently lacking . Furthermore, this is a transition period for regulatory agencies, which for the first time are regulating nonpoint sources of groundwater pollution that involve large tracts of land with numerous individual landowners who are adjacent to each other and a wide range of crops, soils and management practices.…”

Section: Challenging Transitions For Agriculture Science and The Regmentioning

confidence: 99%

California's agricultural regions gear up to actively manage groundwater use and protection

Harter¹

2015

Cal Ag

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“…MLS transect monitoring, for instance, may be viewed not cost-effective due to the sheer numbers of MLS point samples involved and the large resource allocated to a small, albeit important, locality within the much larger site. This view is perhaps reasonable when it is recognised that even research-based studies (Cai et al, 2012;King et al, 1999;Kao and Wang, 2001;Einarson and Mackay, 2001) may fail to achieve MLS transect minimum sample densities necessary to estimate mass discharge with quantified uncertainty (Brooks et al, 2015;Li et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring well utility in a heterogeneous DNAPL source zone area: Insights from proximal multilevel sampler wells and sampling capture-zone modelling

McMillan

Rivett

Wealthall³

et al. 2018

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/63641/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the Strathprints administrator: strathprints@strath.ac.ukThe Strathprints institutional repository (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk) is a digital archive of University of Strathclyde research outputs. It has been developed to disseminate open access research outputs, expose data about those outputs, and enable the management and persistent access to Strathclyde's intellectual output. ABSTRACTGroundwater-quality assessment at contaminated sites often involves the use of short-screen (1.5 to 3 m) monitoring wells. However, even over these intervals considerable variation may occur in contaminant concentrations in groundwater adjacent to the well screen. This is especially true in heterogeneous dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source zones, where cm-scale contamination variability may call into question the effectiveness of monitoring wells to deliver representative data. The utility of monitoring wells in such settings is evaluated by reference to high-resolution multilevel sampler (MLS) wells located proximally to shortscreen wells, together with sampling capture-zone modelling to explore controls upon well sample provenance and sensitivity to monitoring protocols. Field data are analysed from the highly instrumented SABRE research site that contained an old trichloroethene source zone within a shallow alluvial aquifer at a UK industrial facility. With increased purging, monitoring-well samples tend to a flow-weighted average concentration but may exhibit sensitivity to the implemented protocol and degree of purging. Formation heterogeneity adjacent to the wellscreen particularly, alongside pump-intake position and water level, influence this sensitivity. Purging of low volumes is vulnerable to poor reproducibility arising from concentration variability predicted over the initial 1 to 2 screen volumes purged. Marked heterogeneity may also result in limited long-term sample concentration stabilization. Development of bespoke monitoring protocols, that consider screen volumes purged, alongside water-quality indicator parameter stabilization, is recommended to validate and reduce uncertainty when interpreting monitoring-well data within source zone areas. Generalised recommendations on monit...

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Peer Reviewed: Predicting Impacts of Groundwater Contamination

Cited by 157 publications

References 1 publication

The International Scale of the Groundwater Issue

The International Scale of the Groundwater Issue

California's agricultural regions gear up to actively manage groundwater use and protection

Monitoring well utility in a heterogeneous DNAPL source zone area: Insights from proximal multilevel sampler wells and sampling capture-zone modelling

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