PEGylated gold nanoparticles-ribonuclease induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells

Abstract

<span style="color: #1f497d;">Introduction: Currently, drug-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediating apoptosis pathway have extensively been investigated in designing effective strategies for colorectal cancer (CRC) chemotherapy. Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A) represents a new class of cytotoxic and non-mutagenic enzymes, and has gained more attention as a potential anticancer modality; however, the cytosolic ribonuclease inhibitors (RIs) restrict the clinical application of this enzyme. Nowadays, nanotechnology-based diagnostic and therapeutic systems have provided potential solutions for cancer treatments.<br /> <span style="color: #1f497d;">Methods: In this study, the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized, stabilized by polyethylene glycol (PEG), functionalized, and covalently conjugated with RNase A. The physicochemical properties of engineered nanobiomedicine (AuNPs-PEG-RNase A) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and UV-vis spectrum. Then, its biological impacts including cell viability, apoptosis, and ROS production were evaluated in the SW-480 cells.<br /> <span style="color: #1f497d;">Results: The engineered nanobiomedicine, AuNPs-PEG-RNase A, was found to effectively induce apoptosis in SW-480 cells and result in a significant reduction in cancer cell viability. Besides, the maximum production of ROS was obtained after the treatment of cells with an IC50 dose of AuNPs-PEG-RNase A. <br /> <span style="color: #1f497d;">Conclusion: Based on the efficient ROS-responsiveness and the anticancer activity of RNase A of the engineered nanomedicine, this nanoscaled biologics may be considered as a potential candidate for the treatment of CRC.

Fluorescence-Shadowing Nanoparticle Clusters for Real-Time Monitoring of Tumor Progression

“…The plasmon absorption maximum shifted to a higher wavelength due to higher oscillation modes. Hence, this result clearly indicates that the respective particles became larger when the PEGylation steps were repeated. , Previous studies showed that a slight red shift of the absorption spectrum (5–6 nm) appeared when the diameter of AuNPs increased by approximately 10 nm upon pegylation. − Raman spectroscopy also confirmed the presence of PEG moieties on the surface; AuNP@PEG exhibited two distinctive bands at approximately 1150 cm –1 (C–C stretching) and 1495 cm –1 (CH 2 –CH 2 bending) (Figure b) . Thus, based on these spectroscopic analysis results, we concluded that AuNPs were successfully decorated with two PEG chains by confirming the red shift and presence of PEG moieties in AuNP@PEG.…”

Functionalized Metal Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy

“…Treatment with AuNPs-RNase-PEG showed a cytotoxic effect mainly associated with chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation, eventually leading to apoptosis. In addition, increased levels of ROS were detected, suggesting that there is a correlation between the production of ROS and the induction of apoptosis [ 46 ]. Antibody-based therapy for malignant tumors has recently increased.…”

Functionalized Metal Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy

“…In this sense, Khiavi (2020) synthesized AuNPs and functionalized them with RNase A and stabilized them with polyethylene glycol (PEG) (AuNPs-RNase-PEG) and then investigated their effect on colon cancer cells (SW-480), treatment with AuNPs-RNase-PEG showed a cytotoxic effect mainly associated with chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation, eventually leading to apoptosis. In addition, increased levels of ROS were detected, suggesting that there is a correlation between the production of ROS and the induction of apoptosis [40]. Antibody-based therapy for malignant tumors has recently increased.…”