Peliyanan Terhadap Perempuan Dunia Ketiga Pada Ruang Seksual Dalam Novel Plateforme Karya Michel Houellebecq

Abstract

Peliyanan merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang kerap muncul di dalam sebuah novel. Pada novel Prancis berjudul Plateforme karya Michel Houellebecq, peliyanan tidak hanya terjadi di ruang publik seperti pada umumnya, namun juga pada ruang privat, yakni ruang seksual. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan membahas bentuk-bentuk peliyanan pada ruang seksual yang terjadi di dalam novel Plateforme sehingga memisahkan Dunia Pertama dengan Dunia Ketiga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis isi cerita. Aspek-aspek isi cerita yang dilihat difokuskan pada aspek-aspek peliyanan yang terdapat di dalam novel. Cara koleksi data dilakukan dengan menyeleksi kata, kalimat dan paragraf yang memuat aspek peliyanan tersebut. Data dimasukkan di dalam tabel data yang berisi aspek peliyanan secara umum. Data pada tabel data pertama yang terkumpul selanjutnya diidentifikasi dan dikategorisasi sesuai dengan bentuk peliyanannya masing-masing. Data yang telah dikategorisasi tersebut kemudian dianalisis dengan didialogkan dengan konsep subaltern dari Gayatri C. Spivak. Analisis terhadap data menghasilkan temuan bahwa terjadi tiga bentuk peliyanan pada ruang seksual di dalam novel Plateforme. Tiga bentuk tersebut adalah pertama objektivikasi terhadap perempuan, kedua adalah pembungkaman suara perempuan dan ketiga adalah eksploitasi terhadap tubuh perempuan Dunia Ketiga. Kata Kunci: Peliyanan, Subaltern, Ruang Seksual, Pascakolonial THE OTHERING TO THIRD WORLD WOMWEN IN SEXUAL SPACE IN PLATEFORME NOVEL’S BY MICHEL HOUELLEBECQAbstractOne of the most issues addressed in a novel is othering. In a French novel titled Plateforme by Michel Houellebecq, othering is not only happening in the public space, but also in the very private space, the sexual or intimate space. This article attempts to describe and reveal the forms of othering in the sexual space of Plateforme that separates the First World from the Third World. This research uses the story content analysis as a method. The aspects of the stories are focussed on the othering process in the novel. The data are collected from the novel based on the wordings, sentences and paragraphes containing the othering aspects. The date are listed in the table that contains general aspects of othering process. The data collected are then categorized according to each form of othering. The categorized data are then analyzed using the subaltern theory of Gayatri C. Spivak. The result reveals three forms of othering in Plateforme. Those three forms of othering are objectification, silencing attempt through representation and the exploitation of Third World women’s body. Keywords: Othering, Subaltern, Sexual Space, Postcolonialism

Sexual Harassment in Higher Education Institue: Women as Liyan in the Relationality of Armada Riyanto

“…Exploration of the self as a subject who is accountable for making the world a better place is necessary for developing self-awareness. Developing one's self-awareness is not about developing one's ability to objectify others, as this is what causes liyan (Taqiyya et al, 2020).…”

“…The objectification of women is still often placed and involved in the stereotypical realm of the third world, including in the realm of sexuality (Taqiyya et al, 2020). People try to imagine women's bodies as erotic objects to be enjoyed.…”

Toxic Masculinities in Post-9/11 Islam-Themed French Novels: Plateforme and Syngué Sabour. Pierre de Patience

“…The novel is strewn with sexual gaze, which also happens to be racial in various places, as seen from the selection of countries whence prostitutes are said to have hailed in the story. They are Muslim, European and Asian women (Houellebecq, 2001;Taqiyya et al, 2020). It presents a view of Western male dominance, which is toxic, for it objectifies women as properties that are meant to be controlled, as seen in the following quote: Le racisme, continua Robert en me jetant un regard de côté, semble d'abord se caractériser par une antipathie accrue, une sensation de compétition plus violente entre mâles de race différente; mais il a pour corollaire une augmentation du désir sexuel pour les femelles de l'autre race.…”

“…Atiq Rahimi, born on February 26, 1962, is an immigrant from Afghanistan. Apart from being a novelist, he is also a film director (Taqiyya, Udasmoro, & Firmonasari, 2020). He was awarded the Le Prix du Regard vers l'Avenir at the Cannes Film Festival in 2004 for his film Terre et Cendres.…”

“…The third reason is, both literary works used women's body as objects of depictions although they had different point of views in describing them. This study will not focus on the novels' stories as these have been studied before (Sentana, 2016;Taqiyya et al, 2020;Udasmoro, 2018). This previous study used the novel Plateforme as a material object by analyzing the content of the story.…”