PEM fuel cells &amp;#x2014; The basic characteristics

An increasing supply of energy from renewable sources is expected soon, demanding more energy storage alternatives in the short and long-term. The short-term deals with short duration ranging from instantaneous operation (load generation balance) to satisfactory daily and weekly load curve. In the long-term, the stored energy comes from seasonal periods of excess generation that can extend over considerable time intervals. When considering the interconnection of large-scale electrical systems, the volume of surplus energy can reach hundreds of GW. The use of this surplus energy to generate hydrogen appears as a great opportunity to store clean energy, contributing to the efficient exploitation of the installed renewable capacity and contributing to the system's decarbonization. On the other hand, areas with little economic interest or isolated areas with good potential for renewable energy are becoming attractive to produce the so-called green hydrogen, contributing to an important step towards establishing a green economy. This paper presents a brief review and discussion of expectations regarding hydrogen as an alternative for large-scale energy storage.

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“…At the cathode, negative and positive ions captures oxygen in the air and turn into water (Moldrik and Chvalek, 2011). The Fig.…”

Section: Power Generation Using Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in using hydrogen for large-scale green energy storage

Pereira

Santos

et al. 2022

Proceedings IX Simpósio Brasileiro De Sistemas Elétricos

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“…Thus, here multiphase boost converters are used instead of conventional boost converters. By using these converters, generated ripple, size of inductor and power loss of switches can be decreased and reliability can be increased also the possibility to increase energy efficiency can be provided [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. …”

Section: Modeling Input Dc/dc Convertermentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Signal Stabilization of Hybrid AC/DC Micro-Grids Using Nonlinear Robust Controller

et al. 2017

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This paper presents a robust nonlinear integrated controller to improve stability of hybrid AC/DC micro-grids under islanding mode. The proposed controller includes two independent controllers where each one is responsible to control one part of the system. First controller will improve the stability of input DC/DC converter. Using this controller, the voltage of DC bus is fully stabilized such that when a large disturbance occurs, its voltage will become constant without any significant dynamic. The necessity of DC bus regulation which has not been considered in previous studies, is imminent as it not only improves voltage stability of the micro-grid but also protects consumers which are directly connected to the DC bus, against voltage variations. Frequency stability of the micro-grid is provided by the second proposed controller which is applied to output DC/AC converter of the micro-grid. Adaptive method is used to make the controllers proposed in this paper, robust. Duty cycle of converters switches are adjusted such that voltage and frequency of the micro-grid are set on the desired value in minimum possible time under transient disturbances and uncertainty of the loads as well as micro-sources characteristics.

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