Pemanfaatan Tanaman Hasil Rekayasa Genetik: Status, Regulasi, dan Metode Deteksi di Indonesia

Abstract

Application of Genetically Modified Crops: Status, Regulation, and Detection Method in Indonesia. Bahagiawati and Sutrisno. Global area of transgenic crop was increase tremendously. The number of country accepting of planting and/or marketing the transgenic crops and its derivative products also become more numberous. However, due to existing controversy on the benefit and risk, the application of transgenic crops was governed by regulations to protect the consumer and environment from its unwanted effects. There are some international conventions that managing and controlling the uses of these crops, one of them was Cartagena protocol that Indonesia ratified in 2004. Indonesia also launched a regulation upon labelling package food derived from transgenic crops in 1999. To implement either the Cartagena protocol and labelling regulation, Indonesia needs to increase its capacity to detect the present of the transgenic crop product either in raw, and proceesed food. This review will discuss about the development of the application of transgenic crop and its product globally, and list of transgenic crops that have been accepted and approved as safe for human consumption and environment. The regulations upon the application of transgenic crop in Indonesia also be informed. Some metodologies to detect the presence of the genetically modified food that are generally use in some countries also be discussed in this review.

Regulating Biosafety of Genetically Modified Crops in Indonesia: Limits and Challenges

“…Nevertheless, the government made a licence over the release of nonfood crops like Bt cotton (Bahagiawati & Sutrisno, 2007), which lasted with the judicial proceedings. In 2001, the government licence was released to plant Bt cotton for seven regencies in South Sulawesi, i.e.…”

“…In 2001, the government licence was released to plant Bt cotton for seven regencies in South Sulawesi, i.e. Bantaeng, Bulukumba, Bone, Soppeng, Wajo, Gowa, and Takalar (Bahagiawati & Sutrisno, 2007). The process did not require a long time because it was not part of food or feed product.…”

“…However, there was no clear reason why it was not sustained. It was indicated with the corporation's unpromising prospects to continue this project (Bahagiawati & Sutrisno, 2007). In the Constitutional Court's judgment, there was no adequate information and knowledge given to farmers on using these GM crops with their following potential adverse impacts.…”

“…In 2005, the data accounted that the country imported transgenic soybeans from the US and Argentina up to 90 percent of the total consumption due to the insufficient supply from domestic production (Bahagiawati & Sutrisno, 2007). Indonesia also imported transgenic corns to provide food and feed supply up to 43 percent of the total consumption to meet the drastic increasing demand (Bahagiawati & Sutrisno, 2007). With the following licences for transgenic crops, the complex regulation increases bureaucratic procedure on biosafety evaluation.…”

Teknik PCR Kualitatif untuk Deteksi Produk Rekayasa Genetika Jagung Event BT11 dan GA21

“…Beberapa metode deteksi telah dikembangkan di dunia, antara lain oleh Ahmed (2002), Lee et al (2004), dan Onishi et al (2005). Di Indonesia, beberapa institusi telah mengembangkan teknik deteksi PCR secara kualitatif (Bahagiawati dan Sutrisno, 2007). Jagung (Zea mays) termasuk produk pertanian utama yang telah banyak dimodifikasi menggunakan teknik rekayasa genetika.…”