Pencil Beam Spectral Measurements of Ce, Ho, Yb, and Ba Powders for Potential Use in Medical Applications

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to obtain modified X-ray spectra, by using appropriate filter materials for use in applications such as dual energy X-ray imaging. K-edge filtering technique was implemented in order to obtain narrow energy bands for both dual- and single-kVp techniques. Three lanthanide filters (cerium, holmium, and ytterbium) and a filter outside lanthanides (barium), with low K-edge, were used to modify the X-ray spectra. The X-ray energies that were used in this work ranged from 60 to 100 kVp. Relative root mean square error (RMSE) and the coefficient of variation were used for filter selection. The increasing filter thicknesses led to narrower energy bands. For the dual-kVp technique, 0.7916 g/cm2Ho, 0.9422 g/cm2Yb, and 1.0095 g/cm2Yb were selected for 70, 80, and 90 kVp, respectively. For the single-kVp technique 0.5991 g/cm2Ce, 0.8750 g/cm2Ba, and 0.8654 g/cm2Ce were selected for 80, 90, and 100 kVp, respectively. The filtered X-ray spectra of this work, after appropriate modification, could be used in various X-ray applications, such as dual-energy mammography, bone absorptiometry, and digital tomosynthesis.

Dual Energy Method for Breast Imaging: A Simulation Study

“…Since monoenergetic beams cannot be obtained in clinical practice, an approach to monoenergetic beams was employed using polyenergetic X-ray spectra under K-edge filtration [ 25 , 26 ].…”

“…In order to obtain spectra with mean energies similar to those indicated by the monoenergetic study, various filters based on their K-absorption edge were applied to the beams (K-edge filtering) [ 26 ]. In the low-energy beam, three different filter materials were applied: palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), and cadmium (Cd) with K-edges ranging from 24 to 26 keV.…”

Radioluminescence properties of the CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dot nanocrystals with analysis of long-memory trends

“…The detector was calibrated for energy scales, linearity checks and energy resolution, by using 125 I and 99m Tc g-ray calibration sources Martini et al, 2015). In order to minimize pile-up distortions, a dedicated Tungsten spacer/ collimation system (EXVC-W-Spacer) with thickness 36 mm and 300 mm diameter) was used in order to stop and collimate X-rays greater than 100 keV.…”

Band‐reject‐filtering X‐ray spectra by mosaic structures of pyrolytic graphite

“…In accordance with this terminology, crystal monochromators and X-ray mirrors are band-pass filters. As for absorption selective filters, [8,9] for example, in the form of Ni or Co foil, in a limited part of the spectrum, they can be conditionally considered as edge filters. In some spectrometric experiments, the use of two filters of this type (Ross filters), and the subsequent processing of the detector signal difference, is essentially a selection from the spectrum of a given spectral band.…”