Pencil lead powder as a cost-effective and high-performance graphite-silica composite anode for high performance lithium-ion batteries

Mamidi, Suresh; Pandey, Alok Kumar; Pathak, Anil D.; Rao, Tata N.; Sharma, Chandra Shekhar

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.159719

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The phase purity and crystallinity of PG samples were studied using powder XRD patterns, Figure S1. The sharp diffraction peak around 2 θ =26° (002) and a small peak at 55° (004) divulge the crystalline nature of all the PG grades and indicate the presence of natural graphite [32] . The intensities of peaks corresponding to the presence of clay in the PG material vary concerning the composition of PG grades and are clearly visible for 4H and 6H.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, this shows that defects are growing with increased clay content in the pencil graphite. Besides, the presence of a 2D band with I 2D / I G <1 indicates layered graphitic lattices [32,36,37] . The average size of graphitic crystallites in the PG materials can be calculated using Tuinstra and Koenig correlation such that I D / I G = A /La; where La and A represents crystallite size (nm) and laser excitation energy (515 nm laser source), respectively [33,37,38] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pencil Powered Faradaic Electrode for Lithium‐Ion Capacitors with High Energy and Wide Temperature Operation

Lathika

Lee

Aravindan

2022

Batteries & Supercaps

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Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are considered next-generation energy storage devices that combine the goodness of both Liion batteries and electric double-layer capacitors. In this work, LIC is assembled with electrochemically pre-lithiated (LiC 6 ) pencil graphite (PG, 1B&4H grades) as anode and activated carbon (AC) as the cathode. PG grades, naturally available graphite silica composite materials, are characterized, and the electrochemical performance is studied in half-cell assembly for 14 grades. PG grades in the middle of the hardness scale demonstrated better electrochemical activity than the end compositions, representing the involvement of graphite and silica's role in overall performance. However, it is observed that SiO 2 /clay component in PG material is to provide only mechanical support to the system considering the inactiveness of SiO 2 towards Li storage. The assembled LICs (AC/PG 1B LIC) & (AC/PG 4B LIC) delivered maximum energy density of ~172 & ~162 Wh kg À 1 , respectively, with long-term stability under balanced mass loading conditions. Besides ambient temperature, the LICs exhibited stable performance at low (À 5 and 10 °C) and high-temperature (50 °C) conditions. The outstanding electrochemical performance of PG material in LIC assembly indicates the choice of pencil's aptness in energy storage devices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pencil Powered Faradaic Electrode for Lithium‐Ion Capacitors with High Energy and Wide Temperature Operation

Lathika

Lee

Aravindan

2022

Batteries & Supercaps

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“…However, compared with other reports in the literature on thin and binder-free carbon/silicon anodes, our anodes exhibit a competitive performance with a 5 μm thickness and a capacity of 842 mAh/g after 90 cycles at a current density of 132 mA/g. For example, a graphite–silica composite anode for Li-ion batteries reported 501 mAh/g capacity after 100 cycles with a current density of 100 mA/g . A binder-free rGO-wrapped Si/C on carbon foam anode reported a specific capacity of 740 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 100 mA/g with a thickness of ∼100 μm .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a graphite−silica composite anode for Li-ion batteries reported 501 mAh/g capacity after 100 cycles with a current density of 100 mA/g. 42 A binder-free rGO-wrapped Si/C on carbon foam anode reported a specific capacity of 740 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 100 mA/g with a thickness of ∼100 μm. 43 Compared with similar thin anodes that use a binder, our device remains competitive.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrathin 5 μm Thick Silicon Nanowires Intercalated with Reduced Graphene Oxide Binderless Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lockett

Sarmiento

Gonzalez

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Binderless carbon-based anode films can enhance the energy density of lithium-ion batteries; however, a major challenge is their long-term electrochemical performance stability. Herein we report ultrathin binderless anodes based on synthesized stacks of reduced multilayer graphene-oxide and silicon nanowires. A key innovation in this work is that instead of using grapheneoxide films based on disordered graphene flakes derived from chemical exfoliation, we produce large and well-ordered sheets of multilayer reduced graphene oxide by chemical vapor deposition, resulting in stronger graphene multilayers with thicknesses of ∼700 nm. The binderless anodes are prepared by building a stack of chemical vapor deposition multilayer graphene oxide with a radiofrequency-sputtered silicon coating followed by thermal annealing for the simultaneous reduction of graphene and silicon nanowire growth. This novel composition results in ∼5 μm ultrathin anodes with a specific capacity of 2247 mAh/g and a capacity retention of 842 mAh/g after 90 cycles.

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“…At present, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in various electronic products, electric/hybrid vehicles, and fixed energy storage systems [1][2][3][4]. However, the toxic organic liquid electrolytes commonly employed in traditional lithium-ion batteries have many shortcomings, such as undesirable inflammability, easy decomposition at high temperatures, rapid solidification at low temperatures, and fast leakage [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Properties of an Sn-Doped LATP Ceramic Electrolyte and Its Derived Sandwich-Structured Composite Solid Electrolyte

Wang

Yao

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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An Li1.3Al0.3SnxTi1.7−x(PO4)3 (LATP-xSn) ceramic solid electrolyte was prepared by Sn doping via a solid phase method. The results showed that adding an Sn dopant with a larger ionic radius in a concentration of x = 0.35 enabled one to equivalently substitute Ti sites in the LATP crystal structure to the maximum extent. The uniform Sn doping could produce a stable LATP structure with small grain size and improved relative density. The lattice distortion induced by Sn doping also modified the transport channels of Li ions, which promoted the increase of ionic conductivity from 5.05 × 10−5 to 4.71 × 10−4 S/cm at room temperature. The SPE/LATP-0.35Sn/SPE composite solid electrolyte with a sandwich structure was prepared by coating, which had a high ionic conductivity of 5.9 × 10−5 S/cm at room temperature, a wide electrochemical window of 4.66 V vs. Li/Li+, and a good lithium-ion migration number of 0.38. The Li||Li symmetric battery test results revealed that the composite solid electrolyte could stably perform for 500 h at 60 °C under the current density of 0.2 mA/cm2, indicating its good interface stability with metallic lithium. Moreover, the analysis of the all-solid-state LiFePO4||SPE/LATP-0.35Sn/SPE||Li battery showed that the composite solid electrolyte had good cycling stability and rate performance. Under the conditions of 60 °C and 0.2 C, stable accumulation up to 200 cycles was achieved at a capacity retention ratio of 90.5% and a coulombic efficiency of about 100% after cycling test.

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Pencil lead powder as a cost-effective and high-performance graphite-silica composite anode for high performance lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 14 publications

References 43 publications

Pencil Powered Faradaic Electrode for Lithium‐Ion Capacitors with High Energy and Wide Temperature Operation

Pencil Powered Faradaic Electrode for Lithium‐Ion Capacitors with High Energy and Wide Temperature Operation

Ultrathin 5 μm Thick Silicon Nanowires Intercalated with Reduced Graphene Oxide Binderless Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Electrochemical Properties of an Sn-Doped LATP Ceramic Electrolyte and Its Derived Sandwich-Structured Composite Solid Electrolyte

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