“…Primary risk factors clusters such as staff selection and training, monitoring and management, personal fatigue management, work pattern, staffing levels, shift work, circadian rhythm disruption, ultradian processes, health factors, mental and physical workload, sleep hygiene, sleep homeostasis, isolated work location, loneliness, lack of family support, education, BMI, long working duration, roster pattern, length of shift, timing of shift, insufficient recovery time between shifts, type of work, and insufficient rest breaks are some of the factors that contribute to occupational fatigue in the oil and gas and petrochemical industries. Extraneous variables such journey duration, social life, family obligations, and the number of children (Kang et al ., 2021), (Rini et al ., 2022), (Ghasemi et al ., 2019), (Sinagabariang & Kurniawidjaja, 2024), (Garrubba & Joseph, 2019).…”