Penentuan Nyamuk Anopheles spp sebagai Vektor Filariasis di Kabupaten Sumba Timur dan Sumba Barat Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

Abstract

Abstract
 Filariasis is one of the neglected vector diseases and is still a problem in Indonesia. Reported from two districts in NTT Province, namely in East Sumba Regency there were 22 chronic cases and in Southwest Sumba Regency, the finger blood survey results in 2013 had an mf rate of 4.2%. The purpose of this study was to determine which Anopheles species act as vectors and obtain bionomic information from these vector species. Using the Human landing collection method, thoracic surgery and mosquito probosis. In addition, a larval breeding habitat survey was also carried out and measurements of the physical state of the Anopheles larvae breeding environment in the study area. The results of the study were obtained by An mosquitoes. vagus positively contains stage 3 filaria larvae in East Sumba Regency while in Southwest Sumba is An. sundaicus. Biting density per person per night (MBR) An. vagus of 2.8 individuals / person while the bite density of An sundaicus is 3 individuals / person. Biting and resting behavior of these two species tended to be exophagic with two peaks of biting density namely midnight and early morning. An Larva. vagus is found in buffalo and rice fields while An larvae. sundaicus is found in swamps, wells, puddles and stalls. The physical environmental factors of each habitat of the two species are generally the same, namely temperatures ranging from 26-28 0C, pH 6-8, water tends to be quiet and all habitats exposed to direct sunlight. The difference in the physical environmental factors of the habitat of these two species is only in the concentration of water salinity, which is all An habitat. vagus is 0 ‰ while An. sundaicus ranges from 3-5 ‰
 Abstrak 
 Filariasis merupakan salah satu penyakit tular vektor yang pernah terabaikan dan hingga kini masih menjadi masalah di Indonesia. Dilaporkan dari dua kabupaten di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur, yaitu di Kabupaten Sumba Timur terdapat 22 kasus kronis dan di Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya, hasil survei darah jari pada tahun 2013 didapatkan mf rate sebesar 4,2%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan spesies Anopheles apa yang berperan sebagai vektor serta mendapatkan informasi bionomik dari spesies vektor tersebut. Menggunakan metode Human landing collection, pembedahan toraks dan probosis nyamuk Selain itu juga dilakukan survei habitat perkembangbiakan larva serta pengukuran keadaan fisik lingkungan habitat perkembangbiakan larva Anopheles di wilayah penelitian. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nyamuk An. vagus positif mengandung larva stadium 3 filaria di Kabupaten Sumba Timur sedangkan di Sumba Barat Daya adalah An. sundaicus. Kepadatan mengigit per orang per malam (MBR) An. vagus sebesar 2,8 ekor/orang sedangkan kepadatan menggigit An. sundaicus sebesar 3 ekor/orang. Perilaku mengigit dan istirahat kedua spesies ini cenderung eksofagik dengan dua puncak kepadatan mengigit yaitu tengah malam dan menjelang pagi. Larva An. vagus ditemukan pada kubangan kerbau dan sawah sedangkan larva An. sundaicus ditemukan di rawa, sumur, genangan dan kobakan. Faktor fisik lingkungan masingmasing habitat kedua spesies tersebut pada umumnya sama yaitu suhu berkisar 26-28 C, pH 6-8, air cenderung diam dan semua habitat terpapar matahari langsung. Perbedaan faktor fisik lingkungan habitat kedua spesies ini adalah hanya pada konsentrasi salinitas air yaitu semua habitat An. vagus adalah 0 ‰ sedangkan An. sundaicus berkisar 3-5‰.

ACTIVITY OF CLOVE LEAVES (Syzygium aromaticum L.) LARVACIDES ON MORTALITY OF Anopheles sp.

“…2019, 1 (2): 42-46 E -ISSN : 2684-804X This is in line with Mardiana et al (2005) and Ristiyanto et al (2007) who stated that the high number of malaria cases was due to environmental conditions that strongly supported transmission, this was related to the life of the malaria vector, namely the Anopheles sp mosquito (Ristiyanto et al, 2007). One effort to control malaria is to control malaria vectors.…”

“…in line with the increasing concentration of clove leaf steeping (Syzygium aromaticum L.). Mardiana et al (2005) explained that the toxicity of an insecticide to a species is strongly influenced by the concentration of the chemical insecticide in the body of the target species (Mardiana et al, 2005). Increasing the concentration of the extract causes an increase in the content of the active ingredient in the substance which functions as a pesticide that can kill in large quantities (Kardinan 2003).…”

An inventory of human night-biting mosquitoes and their bionomics in Sumba, Indonesia

“…subpictus are vectors of W . bancrofti in East Nusa Tenggara [ 7 , 8 ]. Dengue transmitted by Aedes species is also prevalent in East Nusa Tenggara Province with incidence rates reported in 2017 as high as 19.5 per 100,000 people [ 9 ].…”

Potensi Culex quinquefasciatus sebagai Vektor Filariasis dan Kondisi Lingkungan di Kota Pekalongan

“…sundaicus di Desa Ate Dalo. 15 Hasil survei di Sumba Tengah ditemukan jenis cacing penyebab filariasis adalah Brugia timori dengan genera nyamuk didominasi oleh An. maculatus.…”