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Perubahan iklim dapat meningkatkan penyakit yang ditularkan melalui vektor antara lain malaria. Hubungan antara iklim, kesehatan manusia dan penyakit sudah dikenal luas. Perubahan iklim merupakan faktor penting terjadinya penyebaran berbagai jenis penyakit seperti malaria.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan pola penularan malaria dan menganalisis dampak faktor iklim terhadap penularan malaria di Kabupaten Sumba Timur Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Artikel ini merupakan analisis data sekunder yaitu data kejadian malaria, curah hujan, suhu dan kelembaban. Data dianalisis menggunakan microsoft excel untuk melihat gambaran kecenderungan kejadian malaria per bulan dan analisis bivariat Pearson Correlation  Hasil analisis menunjukkan kecenderungan kejadian malaria per seribu penduduk dinyatakan dalam Annual Parasite Incidence (API) selama lima tahun (2013-2019) mengalami fluktuasi berturut-turut 38,1‰, 34,9‰, 9,4‰, 16,1‰, 30,2‰, 7,6‰ dan 6,4‰. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai API cenderung menurun setiap tahunnya. Hasil analisis statistic terdapat pengaruh antara curah hujan dan suhu terhadap nilai API di Kabupaten Sumba Timur. Curah hujan dan Suhu perlu diwaspadai dalam upaya menurunkan kejaidan malaria, khususnya terhadap nilai API.Kesimpulan menunjukan bahwa fluktuasi curah hujan dan temperatur secara langsung berpebgaruh terhadap  dinamika penularan malaria di Kabupaten Sumba Timur

Kaki Gajah (elephantiasis) is a chronic non-communicable disease caused by filarial worms (microfilaria) and transmitted by many species of mosquitoes. Commonly, this disease was called filariasis. The Sumba Barat Daya Regency was declared as endemic filariasis because it’s microfilariae rates was more than 1%. The research was carried out to observe the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the microfilaria positive respondents and negative respondents with filaria incident. The study was conducted at Kodi Balaghar district of Sumba Barat Daya Regency from April to November in 2014 by cross-sectional research design. Respondents obtained by purposive sampling. The data analyzed by univariate and bivariate analysis methods. The result showed that filariasis patients were found in respondents who have low education or never study at school, 30‒45 years old, and a farmer. The statistical tests showed P-value for 0.000 and explain about the knowledge level, attitude, and practice of the filaria incident. The analysis of knowledge variable shows that Relative Risk (RR) = 6.000 and explains that the probability of the patients with low knowledge was 6.000 times compared to the patients with high knowledge, attitude/perception variable had RR = 3.333, and explains that the probability of the patients with a negative attitude was 3.333 times compared to the patients with positive attitude/perception. Practices variables had RR = 1.824 and explain that the probability of the patients with false practices was 1.824 times compared to the patients with true practices. It was a conclusion that Positive respondents of filariasis had lower education and knowledge level compared to positive respondents of filariasis. Meanwhile, the filariasis patients had a negative attitude and practices for controlling transmission risk and had false practice for disease prevention compared to the respondents who did not have filariasis.

No abstract

Abstract Filariasis is one of the neglected vector diseases and is still a problem in Indonesia. Reported from two districts in NTT Province, namely in East Sumba Regency there were 22 chronic cases and in Southwest Sumba Regency, the finger blood survey results in 2013 had an mf rate of 4.2%. The purpose of this study was to determine which Anopheles species act as vectors and obtain bionomic information from these vector species. Using the Human landing collection method, thoracic surgery and mosquito probosis. In addition, a larval breeding habitat survey was also carried out and measurements of the physical state of the Anopheles larvae breeding environment in the study area. The results of the study were obtained by An mosquitoes. vagus positively contains stage 3 filaria larvae in East Sumba Regency while in Southwest Sumba is An. sundaicus. Biting density per person per night (MBR) An. vagus of 2.8 individuals / person while the bite density of An sundaicus is 3 individuals / person. Biting and resting behavior of these two species tended to be exophagic with two peaks of biting density namely midnight and early morning. An Larva. vagus is found in buffalo and rice fields while An larvae. sundaicus is found in swamps, wells, puddles and stalls. The physical environmental factors of each habitat of the two species are generally the same, namely temperatures ranging from 26-28 0C, pH 6-8, water tends to be quiet and all habitats exposed to direct sunlight. The difference in the physical environmental factors of the habitat of these two species is only in the concentration of water salinity, which is all An habitat. vagus is 0 ‰ while An. sundaicus ranges from 3-5 ‰ Abstrak Filariasis merupakan salah satu penyakit tular vektor yang pernah terabaikan dan hingga kini masih menjadi masalah di Indonesia. Dilaporkan dari dua kabupaten di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur, yaitu di Kabupaten Sumba Timur terdapat 22 kasus kronis dan di Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya, hasil survei darah jari pada tahun 2013 didapatkan mf rate sebesar 4,2%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan spesies Anopheles apa yang berperan sebagai vektor serta mendapatkan informasi bionomik dari spesies vektor tersebut. Menggunakan metode Human landing collection, pembedahan toraks dan probosis nyamuk Selain itu juga dilakukan survei habitat perkembangbiakan larva serta pengukuran keadaan fisik lingkungan habitat perkembangbiakan larva Anopheles di wilayah penelitian. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nyamuk An. vagus positif mengandung larva stadium 3 filaria di Kabupaten Sumba Timur sedangkan di Sumba Barat Daya adalah An. sundaicus. Kepadatan mengigit per orang per malam (MBR) An. vagus sebesar 2,8 ekor/orang sedangkan kepadatan menggigit An. sundaicus sebesar 3 ekor/orang. Perilaku mengigit dan istirahat kedua spesies ini cenderung eksofagik dengan dua puncak kepadatan mengigit yaitu tengah malam dan menjelang pagi. Larva An. vagus ditemukan pada kubangan kerbau dan sawah sedangkan larva An. sundaicus ditemukan di rawa, sumur, genangan dan kobakan. Faktor fisik lingkungan masingmasing habitat kedua spesies tersebut pada umumnya sama yaitu suhu berkisar 26-28 C, pH 6-8, air cenderung diam dan semua habitat terpapar matahari langsung. Perbedaan faktor fisik lingkungan habitat kedua spesies ini adalah hanya pada konsentrasi salinitas air yaitu semua habitat An. vagus adalah 0 ‰ sedangkan An. sundaicus berkisar 3-5‰.