Penetration of cement pastes into sand packings during 3D printing: analytical and experimental study

Alexandre, Pierre; Weger, Daniel; Perrot, Arnaud; Lowke, Dirk

doi:10.1617/s11527-018-1148-5

Cited by 62 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Abhängig von den für den Druckprozess verwendeten Materialien können zwei selektiv bindende Partikelbett‐3‐D‐Druckverfahren unterschieden werden: (1) die selektive Leimintrusion, bei der das Partikelbett aus Gesteinskörnung (≤ 5 mm) ohne Bindemittel besteht und Bindemittelleim selektiv auf das Partikelbett aufgetragen wird (Bild b) und (2) die selektive Zementaktivierung, bei der das Partikelbett aus sehr feiner Gesteinskörnung (Sand < 1 mm) und Zement besteht und der Zement lokal durch Wasser aktiviert wird (Bild c). Die selektiv bindenden Partikelbett‐3‐D‐Druckverfahren werden derzeit u. a. an der TU München und der TU Braunschweig grundlegend erforscht und von D‐Shape kommerziell eingesetzt.…”

Section: Grundlegende Prinzipien Der Additiven Fertigungunclassified

Additive Fertigung im Bauwesen: erste 3‐D‐gedruckte und bewehrte Betonbauteile im Shotcrete‐3‐D‐Printing‐Verfahren (SC3DP)

et al. 2019

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Mit dem 3‐D‐Drucken (Additive Fertigung) steht eine digital gesteuerte Fertigungstechnologie bereit, die das Potenzial hat, spezifisch für das Bauwesen entwickelt, zu einer Schlüsseltechnologie für die Digitalisierung der Bauwirtschaft zu werden. Bei der Additiven Fertigung erfolgt der Bauteilaufbau allein durch einen digital gesteuerten, schichtenweisen Werkstoffauftrag, ohne Formenbau oder Umformprozesse. Dies stellt einen Paradigmenwechsel zu den noch überwiegend handwerklichen, formgebenden Bauprozessen dar. Um das Potenzial dieser Technologie voll auszuschöpfen, müssen Strukturdesign, Materialverhalten und Fertigungsprozess integrativ aufeinander abgestimmt werden. Dies ermöglicht Bauwerke von hoher Gestaltungsfreiheit und einen ressourceneffizienten Einsatz von Werkstoffen. Am Institut für Tragwerksentwurf (ITE) und am Institut für Baustoffe, Massivbau und Brandschutz (iBMB) der TU Braunschweig wird seit mehreren Jahren an Verfahren für den 3‐D‐Druck von großformatigen Betonbauteilen geforscht. In einem interdisziplinären Verbundvorhaben wurde das sog. Shotcrete‐3‐D‐Printing‐Verfahren (SC3DP) entwickelt. Bei der SC3DP‐Technologie handelt es sich um ein automatisiertes robotisches, additives Fertigungsverfahren, das Betonbauteile unter kontrollierter Zugabe von Druckluft Schicht für Schicht aufbaut. In dem vorliegenden Bericht werden erste 3‐D‐gedruckte und bewehrte Betonbauteile vorgestellt, die das Potenzial der SC3DP‐Technologie aufzeigen.

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Section: Grundlegende Prinzipien Der Additiven Fertigungunclassified

Additive Fertigung im Bauwesen: erste 3‐D‐gedruckte und bewehrte Betonbauteile im Shotcrete‐3‐D‐Printing‐Verfahren (SC3DP)

et al. 2019

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“…In order to avoid this procedure in future, prediction of the penetration depth of the cement paste by means of simple material tests and analytical models is required. A first approach of an analytical model to calculate the penetration of cement pastes into particle-beds by Pierre et al [ 44 ] showed good results to predict a penetration of the cement paste into the particle-bed under the assumption that the penetration ends at the border to the next layer of the particle-bed. Moreover, numerical simulation appears to be an alternative for the prediction of the penetration depth [ 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper presents analytical models which are able to calculate penetration depths which are even deeper than a particle-bed layer. Furthermore, the models in this paper try to take the flow behavior during the application of the cement paste on the particle-bed into account, before the penetration starts, which enables a slight modification of a model already existing by Pierre et al [ 44 ] (model A) to be used for penetration depths greater than the layer height (model A+). Additionally, a new approach for an analytical implementation of the pore structure of the particle-bed and of the process-parameters of the printer (applied volume as well as nozzle diameter) are considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penetration of Cement Pastes into Particle-Beds: A Comparison of Penetration Models

et al. 2021

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For the selective paste intrusion (SPI) method, thin layers of aggregate are locally bound by cement paste where the structure shall arise. After completion of the printing process, the structure is excavated from the particle-bed and the unbound particles are removed. However, for a sufficient layer bonding and shape accuracy, the rheology of the cement paste must be adapted to the flow resistance of the particle-bed. For practical application, that means mostly time and material consuming “trial and error” tests. To prevent that, analytical models can help to predict the penetration of the cement paste. This paper presents four analytical models to calculate the penetration depth of a cement paste into a particle packing. Based on Darcy’s law, an already existing model is slightly modified (model A+) and a generalized (model C), an advanced generalized (model D) as well as a simplified model (model B/B+) are developed. Compared to conducted tests on the penetration depth, model B showed good accuracy (deviation <1.5 mm) for pastes with a yield stress ≥8.2 Pa, model A+/B+/C for ≥ 5.4 Pa and model D even for <5.4 Pa. Finally, an application guide for each model for practical use will be given.

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“…Recently, cement grouts have also been used for 3D printing operations by selective paste intrusion [15,16]. During the injections, the cement grout must be fluid enough to fill a cavity or to penetrate into a porous network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of mix proportions on rheology and permeability of cement grouts containing viscosity modifying admixture

Sonebi

Perrot

2019

Construction and Building Materials

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This paper reports the effect of mix composition of grout on the fluidity, rheological behaviour and hydro-mechanical behaviour (permeability and compressibility). Factorial design was used in this investigation to assess the combined effects of the four mix composition parameters on fluidity, rheological properties, permeability and compressibility: water/binder ratio (W/B), percentage of limestone filler as replacement of cement (LF), dosage of viscosity modifying admixture (VMA), and dosage of superplasticiser (SP). To evaluate both the rheology of the cement grout and its hydro-mechanical behaviour, mini-slump test, Lombardi plate test, and forced bleeding test, coaxial rotating cylinder viscometer were used. A two-level fractional factorial model was used to model the effect of key variables on the fluidity, the cohesion, permeability and compressibility. The predicted models are valid for mixtures made with W/B ranged from 0.35 to 0.42, LF from 12% to 45% as replacement of cement, VMA (percentage of binder) from 0.02 to 0.7%, and SP from 0.3 to 1.2%. The effects of W/B, LF, VMA and SP were analysed using polynomial regression which can identify the primary factors and their interactions on the measured properties. Prediction models were developed for mini-slump, plate cohesion meter, permeability and compressibility as function of W/B, LF, VMA, and SP. The factorial statistical approach used highlighted the effect of W/B, the dosages of SP and VMA on the various rheological properties, permeability and compressibility.

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Penetration of cement pastes into sand packings during 3D printing: analytical and experimental study

Abstract: International audienc

Cited by 62 publications

References 23 publications

Additive Fertigung im Bauwesen: erste 3‐D‐gedruckte und bewehrte Betonbauteile im Shotcrete‐3‐D‐Printing‐Verfahren (SC3DP)

Additive Fertigung im Bauwesen: erste 3‐D‐gedruckte und bewehrte Betonbauteile im Shotcrete‐3‐D‐Printing‐Verfahren (SC3DP)

Penetration of Cement Pastes into Particle-Beds: A Comparison of Penetration Models

Effect of mix proportions on rheology and permeability of cement grouts containing viscosity modifying admixture

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