Penetration of Liquid Jets in a Cross-Flow

Stenzler, Jacob N.; Lee, Jong Guen; Santavicca, Domenic A.; Lee, Wonnam

doi:10.1615/atomizspr.v16.i8.30

Cited by 90 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Experimentally, it has been observed that more viscous liquid jets are deflected laterally by the cross flow, more than the less viscous jets. 14,15,40 An interpretation of this observation can be based on the more developed liquid velocity radial profile in the more viscous liquid jet.…”

Section: Temporal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The orifice of the injector has an inner diameter of D 0 = 0.48 mm and a length of L 0 = 2 mm, resulting to a ratio L 0 /D 0 of about 4, through which the liquid fuel is injected. Plain orifice nozzles with similar length to diameter ratios are commonly used for liquid jets injected in gaseous crossflow atomisers, 14,[21][22][23][24] since this length is sufficient for the effect of the vena contracta to subside and for the liquid flow to realign with the nozzle axis before the liquid jet exits the nozzle. 25 The surfaces of the nozzle before and after the orifice are flat.…”

Section: Experimental Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This range of velocities is within the range of velocities of interest to research in liquid jet atomisation in air crossflow. 14,16,22,27 The development of the liquid jet is described by 3 non-dimensional parameters. These are the Reynolds number, the Weber number, and the discharge coefficient.…”

Section: Experimental Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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How do liquid fuel physical properties affect liquid jet development in atomisers?

Charalampous

Hardalupas

2016

Physics of Fluids

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The influence of liquid fuel properties on atomisation remains an open question. The droplet sizes in sprays from atomisers operated with different fuels may be modified despite the small changes of the liquid properties. This paper examines experimentally the development of a liquid jet injected from a plain orifice in order to evaluate changes in its behaviour due to modifications of the liquid properties, which may influence the final atomisation characteristics. Two aviation kerosenes with similar, but not identical physical properties are considered, namely standard JP8 kerosene as the reference fuel and bio-derived Hydro-processed Renewable Jet (HRJ) fuel as an alternative biofuel. The corresponding density, dynamic viscosity, kinematic viscosity and surface tension change by about +5%, -5%, -10% and +5% respectively, which are typical for ‘drop-in’ fuel substitution. Three aspects of the liquid jet behaviour are experimentally considered. The pressure losses of the liquid jet through the nozzle are examined in terms of the discharge coefficient for different flowrates. The morphology of the liquid jet is visualised using high magnification Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) imaging. Finally, the temporal development of the liquid jet interfacial velocity as a function of distance from the nozzle exit is measured from time-dependent motion analysis of dual-frame LIF imaging measurements of the jet. The results show that for the small changes in the physical properties between the considered liquid fuels, the direct substitution of fuel did not result in a drastic change of the external morphology of the fuel jets. However, the small changes in the physical properties modify the interfacial velocities of the liquid and consequently the internal jet velocity profile. These changes can modify the interaction of the liquid jet with the surroundings, including air flows in coaxial or cross flow atomisation, and influence the atomisation characteristics during changes of liquid fuels

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Section: Temporal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Experimental Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

How do liquid fuel physical properties affect liquid jet development in atomisers?

Charalampous

Hardalupas

2016

Physics of Fluids

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show abstract

“…Liquid jet injected into a crossflow of air has been studied extensively in the literature and most of the researchers [13][14][15] have proposed correlations to predict the liquid jet penetrations based on liquid-to-gas momentum flux ratio. Stenzler et al [16] extended the liquid jet penetration correlations by including the effects of the aerodynamic Weber number and liquid viscosity based on their experimental studies on different liquids under different crossflow temperatures. However, for a fixed liquid to air momentum flux ratio, compared to continuous liquid jet injection, liquid ejected from the nozzle in forms of pre-atomized droplets will encounter higher total drag forces due to larger total surface areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, for crossflow injections with pre-atomized sprays, smaller SMD (Sauter Mean Diameter) would require higher liquid to air momentum flux ratio in order to attain the same level of penetrations. Thus, the correlation of liquid jet penetrations summarized from those experiments [13][14][15][16] would not apply for pre-atomized liquid injections. In addition, for sprays injected into high temperature crossflow of air, considerable portions of liquids would be vaporized as it penetrate through the air and the loss of liquid momentum will result in further reduction in spray penetrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%