Penetration of Seven Common Flexible Packaging Materials by Larvae and Adults of Eleven Species of Stored-Product Insects

Cline, L. D.

doi:10.1093/jee/71.5.726

Cited by 63 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…This study is in agreement with our previous findings in which it was proved that out of three different packaging materials tested; polyethylene was a susceptible packaging material against red flour beetle in 2013, 2014and 2016(Qasim et al, 2013Hassan et al, 2014;Hassan et al, 2016). This study is also in agreement with a study which reports that polymers like polyethylene and cellophane could be penetrated by certain stored grain insect pests (Cline, 1978;Allahvaisi, 2010). It has been checked (Wikström & Williams, 2010) that polymers permeability for some stored grain insect pests.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of Packaging Materials and Time Period for Damage in Packaging and Weight Loss in Packed Wheat Flour (Triticum aestivum L.) by Red Flour Beetles Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Yar¹,

Hassan²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2017

JAS

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This study evaluates three popular loose plastic packaging namely polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) for damage in packaging and weight loss in packed wheat flour by Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebriondiae) for three different time periods. The study lasted for three months and data was recorded three times with 30 day interval between data recordings to see damages in packaging, i.e., holes and penetrations made by beetles in packaging; number of beetles inside packages were counted to see their population growth after a given time period inside packed wheat flour and weight loss in wheat flour. Maximum holes by beetles were in polyethylene packaging, penetrations and numbers of beetles were more in polyethylene packaging type. Similarly weight loss in wheat flour was also more in polyethylene bags in contrast with other packaging materials used (P < 0.05). Effect of time period showed significantly more weight loss in wheat flour after 90 days than after 60 or 30 days (P < 0.05) however time period had non-significant effect on holes made by beetles into packaging and penetrations as well as numbers of beetles counted or their population growth after given time period in different packaging materials (P > 0.05). These results revealed that out of three packaging materials tested polyethylene was a susceptible packaging material because it had maximum number of holes and penetrations by insects into them. Similarly maximum weight loss occurred in polyethylene. Effect of time period showed non-significant effect on holes and insect penetrations into packaging materials. However more weight loss occurred after more time period than after less time period. These results are important and can be employed for integrated management of T. castaneum regarding packed foodstuffs i.e., wheat flour.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of Packaging Materials and Time Period for Damage in Packaging and Weight Loss in Packed Wheat Flour (Triticum aestivum L.) by Red Flour Beetles Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Yar¹,

Hassan²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2017

JAS

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“…Previous research demonstrated that the ability of P. interpunctella larvae to penetrate packaging materials varied with age and packaging type. In general, all of the previous research has shown that older larvae penetrated more packaging material compared with younger larvae [19,20,22,29]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Insects were held without food to compel larvae to penetrate packages in order to obtain access to a food source. Previous research has shown that insects held without food had a higher tendency to penetrate packages compared with insects held with a food source [19,22]. This experimental arrangement was used to simulate a low, medium, and high density population that may be present in a retail store.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Newly hatched larvae are able to invade films with pinholes of 0.293 mm or larger, but cannot invade pinholes of 0.173 mm or smaller, and are unable to penetrate polyethylene films of 20 µm thickness [18]. Second and fifth instars of P. interpunctella have shown the ability to chew through Kraft paper (114 µm thick), polyethylene (25.4 µm), and aluminum foil (16.5 µm) when held without food [19]. Fifth instars of P. interpunctella were unable to penetrate polypropylene (28 µm) pouches, but they were able to penetrate 63% of polyvinyl chloride (25 µm) pouches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, 25% of polyvinyl chloride (25 µm) pouches were penetrated by first instars, indicating that older instars are stronger penetrators compared with first instars [20]. In the first study, second and fifth instars were unable to penetrate 25.4 µm polyvinyl chloride pouches when food was provided; however, when food was not present, fifth instars penetrated 33% of the pouches [19]. The absence of food induced penetration due to larvae searching for food.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating Penetration Ability of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Larvae into Multilayer Polypropylene Packages

Scheff

Sehgal

Subramanyam

2018

Insects

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The larvae of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), can invade or penetrate packaging materials and infest food products. Energy bars with three polypropylene packaging types were challenged with eggs (first instars), third instars, and fifth instars of P. interpunctella to determine package resistance at 28 °C and 65% r.h. The packing types were also challenged with two male and two female pupae of P. interpunctella under similar conditions in order to determine which package provided the greatest protection against larval penetration. Samples infested with eggs, third instars, and pupae were evaluated after 21 days and 42 days to count the number of larvae, pupae, and adults found inside the packages. Packages challenged with fifth instars were observed after 21 days to count the number of larvae, pupae, and adults inside each package. The number and diameter of the holes were determined in each package, followed by the amount of damage sustained to the energy bar. Third and fifth instars showed a higher tendency to penetrate all of the packaging types. First instars showed a reduction in package penetration ability compared with third and fifth instars. The increase in exposure time resulted in an increase in the damage sustained to the energy bars. Among packaging types, the thickest package (Test A) was most resilient to penetration by all of the larval stages. In conclusion, energy bar manufacturers need to invest more effort into improving packaging designs, creating thicker gauge films, or advancing odor barrier technology, in order to prevent penetration and infestation by P. interpunctella larvae.

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Leveraging long‐lasting insecticide‐incorporated netting to improve fumigation efficacy against stored product insects

Ranabhat,

Brabec,

Lillich

et al. 2024

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUNDLong‐lasting insecticide‐incorporated netting (LLIN) has successfully been used to impair mobility and prevent infestation of stored grain by stored product beetles. Understanding how to integrate LLIN with existing integrated pest management (IPM) tactics, such as phosphine fumigation, can further enhance IPM programs.RESULTSWe used three 110 metric tons (MT) capacity grain bins, and in each, 60 perforated buckets (e.g., miniature silos) were filled with 500 g of uninfested wheat. Miniature silos were protected by LLIN (0.3% α‐cypermethrin, Carifend®, BASF), positive control (without insecticide), or negative control (no netting). Half of each treatment was randomly assigned to phosphine fumigation treatment, while the remainder were not fumigated. Monthly samples of 100 g of grain from four silos from each treatment in four blocks from three‐grain bins were taken between June and October both in 2022 and 2023. We determined whether phosphine fumigation could be reduced with the use of LLIN over the season. Overall, we found that silos protected with LLIN showed insect dispersal and progeny production that was reduced by 83–99% and 89–99%, respectively, compared with insecticide‐free netting and no‐netting controls. Additionally, damage in silos was reduced by 37–99% compared with controls. Importantly, the total number of fumigations could be reduced by 68–91% by using LLIN compared with controls.CONCLUSIONOur study demonstrates that LLIN is consistently effective for existing pest management tactics such as phosphine fumigation in bulk storage structures. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

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Penetration of Seven Common Flexible Packaging Materials by Larvae and Adults of Eleven Species of Stored-Product Insects

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Packaging Materials and Time Period for Damage in Packaging and Weight Loss in Packed Wheat Flour (Triticum aestivum L.) by Red Flour Beetles Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Effect of Packaging Materials and Time Period for Damage in Packaging and Weight Loss in Packed Wheat Flour (Triticum aestivum L.) by Red Flour Beetles Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Evaluating Penetration Ability of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Larvae into Multilayer Polypropylene Packages

Leveraging long‐lasting insecticide‐incorporated netting to improve fumigation efficacy against stored product insects

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