Pengaruh Formula Fungisida Nabati Minyak Cengkeh dan Serai Wangi terhadap Penyakit Busuk Buah Kakao

Harni, Rita; Taufiq, Efi; Amaria, Widi

doi:10.21082/jtidp.v1n1.2014.p41-48

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…dan Penicillium sp. (Nakahara, Alzoreky, Yoshihashi, Nguyen, & Trakoontivakom, 2003), serta Phytophthora palmivora penyebab busuk buah kakao (Nurmansyah, 2010;Harni & Khaerati, 2013;Harni, Taufik, & Amaria, 2014). Bawang putih untuk mengendalikan penyakit tanaman dilaporkan oleh Perello, Noll, & Slusarenko (2012).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Keefektifan Minyak Cengkeh, Serai Wangi, dan Ekstrak Bawang Putih terhadap Penyakit Vascular Streak Dieback (Ceratobasidium theobromae) Pada Kakao

Harni

Baharuddin²

2014

JTIDP

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Ceratobasidium theobromae merupakan patogen penyebab penyakit vascular streak dieback (VSD) pada tanaman kakao, dapat menurunkan produksi bahkan kematian tanaman. Penyakit ini sulit dikendalikan karena berada dalam jaringan pembuluh. Penelitian bertujuan menguji keefektifan minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi serta ekstrak bawang putih terhadap C. theobromae penyebab penyakit VSD. Penelitian telah dilakukan pada perkebunan kakao rakyat hasil sambung samping berumur 2 tahun yang terserang penyakit VSD di Desa Andomesinggo, Kecamatan Besulutu, Kabupaten Konawe, Sulawesi Tenggara dari bulan April sampai Desember 2013. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok (RAK) 6 perlakuan dengan 6 ulangan, masing-masing perlakuan diamati 15 tanaman. Perlakuannya adalah minyak cengkeh, serai wangi, cengkeh + serai wangi, ekstrak bawang putih, fungisida kimia ditiokarbamat (sebagai pembanding) dan kontrol (tanpa perlakuan). Ekstrak dan minyak diaplikasikan setiap bulan dengan konsentrasi 5 ml/l, dengan cara menyemprotkan suspensi ke seluruh bagian tanaman (250 ml/pohon). Pengamatan gejala serangan, perkembangan penyakit, persentase dan intensitas serangan dilakukan setiap bulan, sedangkan tingkat keefektifan fungisida nabati dihitung pada akhir pengamatan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan minyak cengkeh, serai wangi, dan bawang putih dapat menurunkan persentase dan intensitas serangan penyakit VSD pada tanaman kakao. Persentase penurunan intensitas serangan terbesar dan nyata diperoleh pada perlakuan minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi, masing-masing 38,6% dan 31,6% dan keduanya potensial digunakan sebagai fungisida nabati untuk mengendalikan penyakit VSD.Kata kunci: Kakao, VSD, minyak cengkeh, minyak serai wangi, ekstrak bawang putihVascular streak dieback disease caused by Ceratobasidium theobromae is a major disease that causes yield loss and even kill a mature cocoa tree. This disease is difficult to control due to located inside the vascular tissue. The objective of this research was to study the antifungal activity of clove oil, citronella oil and garlic extract against C. theobromae causing VSD disease. The research was carried out at cocoa plantations which derived from side grafting and attacked by VSD disease in Andomesinggo Village, Besulutu District, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, from April to December 2013. The design used in this study was a randomized block design with 6 treatments and 6 replications, each treatment consisted of 15 plants. The treatments used were clove oil, citronella, clove + citronella, garlic extract, chemical fungicide (as a comparison) and control (without treatment). The extracts and oil applied every month at a concentration of 5 ml/l, by spraying the suspension onto all parts of the plant (250 ml/tree). Observation of attack symptoms, progression of the disease, the percentage and intensity of the attacks were carried out every month, whereas the level of effectiveness of botanical fungicides is calculated at the end of experiment. The results showed that clove oil, citronella and garlic extract can reduce the percentage and intensity of VSD disease attacks on cocoa plant. The highest percentage of the reduction of disease intensity were obtained in the use of clove oil and citronella at about 38.6% and 31.6% respectively, and both of them are potential to be used as botanical fungicide to control VSD disease.

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Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Keefektifan Minyak Cengkeh, Serai Wangi, dan Ekstrak Bawang Putih terhadap Penyakit Vascular Streak Dieback (Ceratobasidium theobromae) Pada Kakao

Harni

Baharuddin²

2014

JTIDP

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“…Penyakit yang sering menyerang tanaman kakao adalah busuk buah kakao (BBK). Penyakit ini dapat menurunkan produksi sebesar 20-40% dan kerugian akan meningkat mencapai 100% di daerah dengan curah hujan dan kelembapan yang tinggi (Harni et al, 2014). Penyakit busuk buah juga menyerang tanaman kakao di seluruh dunia (Guest, 2007;Deberdt et al, 2008).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Pengendalian penyakit busuk buah kakao menggunakan Trichoderma dan pupuk Kalium

Putra

Ferry²,

Harni³

2022

kultivasi

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AbstrakKerugian akibat serangan penyakit busuk buah kakao (BBK) mencapai 40-100%, produktivitas hanya 669,9 kg/ha/tahun. Upaya pengendalian dapat dilakukan melalui penggunaan cendawan antagonis Trichoderma dan peningkatan dosis pupuk Kalium. Penelitian bertujuan menguji efektivitas Trichoderma viride dan pupuk K dalam mengendalikan penyakit BBK. Penelitian dilakukan pada Januari sampai Desember 2019 di kebun kakao rakyat (Klon CSA 6) berumur 10 tahun dengan tanaman pelindung Gliricidia sp. Desa Suka Bandung, Kecamatan Natar, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 12 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Macam perlakuan yaitu fungisida Trichoderma viride, fungisida kimia (mancozeb), pupuk KCl 100 g/phn, dosis KCl 110 g/phn, dosis KCl 125 g/phn, Trichoderma + KCl 100 g/phn, Trichoderma + KCl 110 g/phn, Trichoderma + KCl 125 g/phn, fungisida kimia + KCl 100 g/phn, fungisida kimia + KCl 110 g/phn, fungisida kimia + KCl 125 g/phn, dan cara petani (tanpa fungisida + KCl 50 g/phn). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intensitas serangan terendah (7,79%), daya hambat penyakit tertinggi (68,84%), dan produksi biji kering mencapai 1.327,86 kg/ha/tahun (166,86%) diperoleh pada penggunaan Trichoderma viride dan pupuk KCl 125 g/pohon. Efektivitas fungisida Trichoderma viride tidak berbeda dibandingkan dengan fungisida kimia dalam mengendalikan penyakit BBK, dan makin tinggi dosis pupuk K, makin tinggi pula daya hambat terhadap penyakit.Kata Kunci: Busuk buah kakao, pengendalian, pupuk kalium, Trichoderma virideAbstractLosses due to cacao pod rot disease is varied from 40 to 100% leaving the productivity into 669.9 kg per ha per year. To control the disease, Trichoderma and potassium (K) fertilizer are used. The study aimed to test the effectiveness of Trichoderma viride and K fertilizer in controlling cocoa pod rot disease. The study was conducted from January to December 2019 in South Lampung Regency, by using cocoa clone of CSA 6 aged 10 years as plant material. The study used a randomized block design with 12 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment were Trichoderma viride fungicide, chemical fungicide (mancozeb), KCl fertilizer 100 g plant-1, KCl 110 g plant-1, KCl 125 g plant-1, Trichoderma + KCl 100 g plant-1, Trichoderma + KCl 110 g plant-1, Trichoderma + KCl 125 g plant-1, chemical fungicide + KCl 100 g plant-1, chemical fungicide + KCl 110 g plant-1, chemical fungicide + KCl 125 g plant-1, and farmer's method (no fungicide + KCl 50 g plant-1). The results showed that the lowest attack intensity (7.79%), the highest disease inhibition (68.84%), and production reached 1,327.86 kg per haper year (166.86%) was obtained in the combination treatment of Trichoderma viride + KCl 125 g plant-1. The effectiveness to control the disease on the treatment of Trichoderma viride was not different compared to chemical fungicides, and the higher applied dose of K fertilizer, the higher the inhibition against cacao pod rot disease.Keywords: Cocoa pod rot, control, Trichoderma viride, potassium fertilizer

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“…Serangan P. palmivora dapat menurunkan hasil 20%-40% dan kerugian akan meningkat terutama di daerah dengan curah hujan dan kelembaban yang tinggi (Harni, Amaria, & Supriadi, 2013;Harni, Taufiq, & Amaria, 2014) Serai wangi merupakan tanaman atsiri yang mengandung bahan aktif sitronella, geraniol, dan sitronelol yang bersifat fungisida terhadap jamur patogen (Nakahara et al, 2003). Pengunaan minyak serai wangi untuk mengendalikan P. palmivora telah dilaporkan oleh Nurmansyah (2010), Harni et al (2013) dan Harni et al (2014). Nurmansyah (2010) mengunakan minyak serai wangi dan fraksi sitronella untuk mengendalikan P. palmivora.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Selanjutnya Harni et al (2013) mengunakan minyak serai wangi yang telah diformulasi dengan menambahkan senyawa penginduksi ketahanan tanaman seperti asam salisilat dan silicon. Hasil penelitian minyak serai wangi dapat menghambat P. palmivora 65%-100% di laboratorium, 66,25% pada bibit kakao di rumah kaca, dan menekan intensitas penyakit busuk buah kakao di lapangan 20,48%-65,62% (Harni et al, 2014).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Efektivitas Nanoemulsi Minyak Serai Wangi Terhadap Phytophthora palmivora Butl. Patogen Busuk Buah Kakao

Harni

Khaerati

Noveriza

et al. 2020

J. tanam. industri dan penyegar

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Black pod disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora is a significant disease on cocoa crops worldwide. Citronella and geraniol are two dominant substances of citronella oil that have fungicidal activity, which is potentially used to control black pod disease. However, those two substances are relatively unstable form volatile. To improve stability can be done using nanotechnology. The study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of citronella-oil-nanoemulsions formulas on the growth of P. palmivora in vitro and on cocoa pods. Eight nano formulas were prepared at the Postharvest Center in Bogor; however, the effectiveness was conducted at the Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute in Sukabumi. The nano formula was prepared following spontaneous, simultaneous, and inversion methods. The experiments were designed in a completely randomized design, with five replications. Eight treatments were evaluated, i.e., the inversion formulas (F1, F2, F5 & F7), spontaneous (F3, F6 & F8), and simultaneous (F4). Two concentration levels of the formula were tested, i.e., 0.5% for in vitro and 1.0% in cacao pods. The variables observed were the inhibition rate of formula, bioassay, concentration, and inhibition rate on cacao pods. The nanoemulsion formulas of citronella oil could inhibit 23.13%–77.78% of the growth of P. palmivora. Formula F5 was the best, which inhibited 77.78% growth in vitro and 31.60% in cacao pods. The nanoemulsions of citronella oil affected the growth rate, fresh weight, and dry weight of P. palmivora. For better effectiveness of the formula on cocoa pods, the concentration should be increased.

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Pengaruh Formula Fungisida Nabati Minyak Cengkeh dan Serai Wangi terhadap Penyakit Busuk Buah Kakao

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Keefektifan Minyak Cengkeh, Serai Wangi, dan Ekstrak Bawang Putih terhadap Penyakit Vascular Streak Dieback (Ceratobasidium theobromae) Pada Kakao

Keefektifan Minyak Cengkeh, Serai Wangi, dan Ekstrak Bawang Putih terhadap Penyakit Vascular Streak Dieback (Ceratobasidium theobromae) Pada Kakao

Pengendalian penyakit busuk buah kakao menggunakan Trichoderma dan pupuk Kalium

Efektivitas Nanoemulsi Minyak Serai Wangi Terhadap Phytophthora palmivora Butl. Patogen Busuk Buah Kakao

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