Pengaruh iklim terhadap Annual Parasite Incidence malaria di Kabupaten Jayapura tahun 2011 – 2018

Abstract

Penyakit malaria di kabupaten Jayapura merupakan penyakit yang endemic karena penyakit ini telah ada sejak lama dan hampir sebagian masyarakat di Kabuapten Jayapura pernah menderita penyakit malaria. letak geografis dimana banyaknya rawa-rawa dan pengaruh lingkungan seperti iklim juga berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan kasus malaria. Penelitian ini bersifat studi retrospektif, menggunakan data sekunder berupa data curah hujan, kelembapan udara, suhu, kecepatan dan arah angin dari Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Papua dan serta data angka Annual Parasite Incidence (API) malaria dari Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Jayapura selama kurun waktu tahun 2011-2016. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa curah hujan, suhu, kelembaban udara dan kecepatan angin memiliki korelasi yang lemah namun tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan angka API malaria. Kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa kecenderungan perubahan variabel iklim tidak mempengaruhi secara langsung terjadinya peningkatan kasus malaria

The relationship between climate change and malaria in South-East Asia: A systematic review of the evidence

“…19 This implies that as temperatures become warmer within the optimum range, the duration of incubation is shortened, and mosquitoes become infective much sooner. 19,21,23 The regression results of the study shows that every additional millimeter of precipitation leads to a 2.1% reduction in malaria cases (95% CrI = -2.3 to -1.9, p < 0.05). Correlation between yearly windspeed with API is not statistically significant.…”

“…Both Anopheles mosquitoes as the vector for malaria and the parasitic agent, Plasmodium group, rely on optimally warm temperatures. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] The optimal temperature for Anopheline reproduction according to Mau et al (2020) is between 25-27°C whilst the Plasmodium group's extrinsic cycle is optimum within the 20-30°C range. 19 This implies that as temperatures become warmer within the optimum range, the duration of incubation is shortened, and mosquitoes become infective much sooner.…”

“…Although the amount of rain does not directly affect both vector and parasite proliferation, low to medium intensity rain creates reservoirs in the form of pools and puddles for Anopheles to breed. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Aside from forming breeding sites, precipitation also leads to increased relative humidity which prolongs the age of infective adult Anopheles mosquitoes as explained in the following section. 19,[21][22][23] Across the 19 reviewed studies, the measures of precipitation as an independent variable varies.…”

“…[18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Aside from forming breeding sites, precipitation also leads to increased relative humidity which prolongs the age of infective adult Anopheles mosquitoes as explained in the following section. 19,[21][22][23] Across the 19 reviewed studies, the measures of precipitation as an independent variable varies. They defined the index as the product of the sum of precipitation and number of rainy days within a given month that is then divided by the total number of days in said month.…”

Kontribusi Faktor Determinan Lingkungan terhadap Prevalensi Kasus Malaria di Kota Sabang, Provinsi Aceh

“…Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa lingkungan fisik (p=0,0001), lingkungan biologis (p=0,021), dan lingkungan kimia (p=0,011) secara signifikan berhubungan dengan kasus malaria. Lingkungan fisik merupakan prediktor yang paling mempengaruhi kasus malaria (OR 11,096).…”