Pengaruh mobilisasi dan massage terhadap pencegahan risiko luka tekan pada pasien tirah baring

Abstract

The nursing prevention of pressure sores in hospital due to prolonged bed restBackground: A pressure wound is a localized wound in the tissue over the bone that protrudes from continuous pressure over a long period. Pressure sores increase mortality and the length of treatment days. Prevention of pressure To determine the effect of mobilization and massage as nursing prevention of pressure sores in hospital due to prolonged bed rest.Method: A quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design. The number of samples was 30 participants, devised into two groups and each group contain 15 participants; group I mobilization and massage intervention and another group by only massage intervention. The measurement of pressure sores risks by using the Braden scale. Data analyzed univariate and bivariate using paired categorical comparative tests (Marginal Homogeneity Test) and unpaired (Chi Square).Results: Showed that the risk of pressure wounds before mobilization and massage in group I was 66.7% with a high risk, while 66.7% at post-intervention was a moderate risk. The risk of pressure wounds before mobilization in group II was 53.3% with a high risk, while at post-intervention was 53.3% with moderate risk. There was a difference in the risk of pressure sores before and after mobilization and massage in group I p Value 0.001 (< 0.05). There was a difference in the risk of pressure sores before and after mobilization in group II p-value 0.008 (<0.05). There was no difference in the risk of pressure sores between the groups that were given the mobilization and the message with the groups that were given the mobilization (p 0.456).Conclusion: Implementing mobilization and massage can reduce the risk of pressure sores in bed rest patients, but the risk of pressure exertion between the group that was given the mobilization and the message with the group that was given the mobilization was not different. Recommended that nurses be able to carry out preventive care for the risk of pressure sores with mobilization and massage.Keywords: Prevention; Pressure sores ; Hospital; Bed rest; Mobilization; MassagePendahuluan: Luka tekan adalah luka terlokalisir pada jaringan di atas tulang yang menonjol akibat tekanan terus menerus dalam jangka waktu lama. Luka tekan meningkatkan mortalitas dan lama hari perawatan. Pencegahan luka tekan dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan mobilisasi serta massage. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh mobilisasi dan massage terhadap risiko luka tekan pada pasien tirah baringMetode: Penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan pretest posttest non-equivalent control group design. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 partisipan yaitu 15 sampel kelompok I yang diberikan mobilisasi dan massage serta 15 sampel kelompok II yang hanya diberikan mobilisasi, diambil dengan teknik accidental sampling. Pengukuran risiko luka tekan menggunakan skala Braden. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji komparatif kategorik berpasangan (Marginal Homogeneity Test) dan tidak berpasangan (Chi Square).Hasil: Menunjukkan risiko luka tekan sebelum dilakukan mobilisasi dan massage pada kelompok I sebesar 66,7% dengan risiko tinggi sedangkan saat posttest 66,7% dengan risiko sedang. Risiko luka tekan sebelum dilakukan mobilisasi pada kelompok II sebesar 53,3% dengan risiko tinggi sedangkan saat posttest 53,3% dengan risiko sedang. Terdapat perbedaan risiko luka tekan sebelum dan setelah dilakukan mobilisasi dan massage pada kelompok I (p 0,001). Terdapat perbedaan risiko luka tekan sebelum dan setelah dilakukan mobilisasi pada kelompok II (p 0,008). Tidak terdapat perbedaan risiko luka tekan antara kelompok yang diberikan mobilisasi dan message dengan kelompok yang diberikan mobilisasi (p 0,456).Simpulan: Pelaksanaan mobilisasi dan massage mampu menurunkan risiko luka tekan pada pasien tirah baring, akan tetapi risiko lukan tekan antara kelompok yang diberikan mobilisasi dan message dengan kelompok yang diberikan mobilisasi tidak terdapat perbedaan. Disarankan perawat dapat melakukan perawatan pencegahan risiko luka tekan dengan mobilisasi dan massage.

Massage in prevention of decubitus ulcers in bedrest patiens: A literature review

“…Based on research conducted by Setiani (2015) it is stated that massage is a type of nursing intervention that is effective in preventing decubitus (Setiani, 2015). This is in line with the results of the literature review in 7 articles that mention massage can prevent the occurrence of decubitus wounds (Amoldeep et al, 2019;Angeline et al, 2021;Badrujamaludin et al, 2021;Darmareja et al, 2020;Muasyaroh et al, 2020;Noventi et al, 2021;Santiko & Faidah, 2020). This is in line with the research of Sulidah & Susilowati (2017) mentioning that massage effleurage is a movement using the entire surface of the palms and fingers on the part of the body that is massaged by rubbing.…”

“…At the time of the pretest, some participants were in the high risk category of 8 patients (53,3%), moderate risk of 4 patients (26.7%), and very high risk of 3 patients (20%). Meanwhile, during the posttest, the moderate risk category was obtained as many as 8 patients (53,3%) and as many as 7 patients (46,7%) in the high risk category (Badrujamaludin et al, 2021).…”

“…Another study conducted by Badrujamaludin et al (2021), the provision of progressive mobilization interventions in bedrest patients by increasing the position of the bed to 30 degrees. After that it is given instead of the right tilt and left tilt positions once every 2 hours for 2 days.…”

“…Based on the results of the article review, it was found that most of the respondents in the study were women as many as 71 people (54,7%), while men were 59 people (45,3%) (Badrujamaludin et al, 2021;Darmareja et al, 2020;Muasyaroh et al, 2020;Santiko & Faidah, 2020). According to Safitri et al (2017) that gender is not a risk factor for decubitus to occur (Safitri, 2017).…”

“…Based on the results of the review, most respondents experienced the risk of decubitus ulcers, most of which occurred in the moderate risk category (Angeline et al, 2021;Badrujamaludin et al, 2021;Noventi et al, 2021). Patients who bedrest for a long time are at risk of developing decubitus ulcers.…”