The present study focuses on elucidating the fundamental reasons underlying
the emergence of vibrations in steam turbines. During operation, vibrations
are observed not only in the components of the machinery that undergo
cyclical motion but also in those components connected to the equipment.
Therefore, vibration monitoring holds great importance in identifying
malfunctions in the functional operations of turbomachinery, enabling timely
detection and prevention of potential accidents. Using the steam turbine
unit as an example, it is noteworthy that the rotor primarily undergoes
oscillatory motion, where it is essential to recognize that vibrations also
manifest in bearings, housings, turbine foundations, pipelines and
surrounding components. The thorough examination of vibration should
encompass not only turbine rotors but also the entire turbine assembly,
including the generator and all associated equipment. It is essential to
conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the overall system to ensure optimal
functionality. Academic research papers typically do not often assess the
specific number of working hours and conditions which are leading to rotor
damage, also in that sense, not determining if damage is a result of wear
and tear during prolonged undesired operation. Instead, the emphasis is
commonly placed on analyzing elevated levels of vibrations and investigating
the associated occurrence of cracks. This paper aims to provide a
comprehensive summary of the main causes of vibrations through a unified
perspective on the various conclusions available, regarding the diverse
causes behind these common and complex vibration occurrences.